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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Apr 21.
Published in final edited form as: Biomaterials. 2018 Feb 3;161:164–178. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.01.053

Figure 3. Direct interactions and immunosuppressive cytokine milieu of GBM-induced M2-like TAMs promote EC angiogenic behaviors.

Figure 3.

(a) Multidimensional angiogenic behaviors were modeled using 2D and 2.5D capillary assays and a 3D sprouting assay. The proangiogenic capacity of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotypes and cytokines were assessed with (b) macrophage treated ECs, (c) conditioned media treated ECs and (d) cytokine (5000 pg/mL) treated ECs. Quantified capillary area and sprouting length were normalized to untreated ECs after 24 hrs and 3 days, respectively. (e) Heat map of normalized pro-/anti-angiogenic mRNA expressions in macrophage-treated ECs after 24 hrs of co-culture on cover glass. M0-treated ECs are used as control. Error bars represent ± s.e.m. from 3 independent experiments. P-values were calculated using one-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey post hoc test. *, P < 0.05.