Table 3.
Patient-reported outcome measurement comparisons between mental health diagnosis groups (secondary analysis).
|
β Coefficient (95% CI),
P
Valueb |
|||||||||
|
No Depression or Anxiety (n = 323) |
Depression Alone (n = 24) |
Anxiety Alone (n = 13) |
Depression and Anxiety (n = 31) |
P
Valuea |
No Depression or Anxiety |
Depression Alone |
Anxiety Alone |
Depression and Anxiety |
|
| PCS-12 | |||||||||
| Pre, mean (95% CI) | 31.3 (30.3, 32.3) | 29.5 (26.4, 32.5) | 33.4 (26.3, 40.6) | 28.6 (26.1, 31.1) | .489 | ... | 1.089 (−3.362, 5.540), .631 | 0.720 (−5.321, 6.761), .815 | −3.056 (−6.949, 0.836), .123 |
| Post, mean (95% CI) | 40.5 (39.3, 41.6) | 40.2 (36.1, 44.2) | 41.6 (38.0, 45.2) | 35.9 (32.4, 39.4) | .113 | ||||
| Δ, mean (95% CI) | 9.2 (7.9, 10.6) | 10.7 (6.1, 15.2) | 8.6 (3.2, 14.1) | 7.7 (4.4, 11.0) | .830 | ||||
| RRc | 12.7% | 14.6% | 11.7% | 10.5% | .794 | ||||
| % MCIDd | 51.4% | 45.5% | 36.4% | 53.6% | .731 | ||||
| P valuee | <.001f | <.001f | .006f | <.001f | … | ||||
| MCS-12 | |||||||||
| Pre, mean (95% CI) | 50.7 (49.5, 52.0) | 45.6 (40.3, 50.8) | 50.1 (42.9, 57.2) | 42.3 (38.0, 46.7) | .001f | ... | −1.590 (−5.581, 2.400), .434 | −3.985 (−9.365, 1.394), .146 | −3.988 (−7.527, −0.450), .027f |
| Post, mean (95% CI) | 54.4 (53.4, 55.4) | 49.3 (44.5, 54.0) | 50.7 (43.0, 58.4) | 47.3 (42.9, 51.7) | .001f | ||||
| Δ, mean (95% CI) | 3.5 (2.3, 4.7) | 4.6 (−2.1, 11.3) | −0.6 (−9.6, 8.3) | 4.6 (0.5, 8.7) | .814 | ||||
| RRc | 4.3% | 5.1% | 2.1% | 6.9% | .821 | ||||
| % MCIDd | 27.1% | 31.8% | 18.2% | 32.1% | .797 | ||||
| P valuee | <.001f | .132 | .877 | .030f | … | ||||
| ODI | |||||||||
| Pre, mean (95% CI) | 40.0 (38.1, 41.9) | 49.7 (42.7, 56.7) | 44.6 (33.7, 55.5) | 49.5 (43.4, 55.7) | .002f | ... | 6.819 (−1.749, 15.387), .118 | 6.888 (−4.426, 18.202), .232 | 11.767 (4.665, 18.869), .001f |
| Post, mean (95% CI) | 19.9 (17.9, 21.8) | 26.5 (18.1, 34.8) | 22.7 (12.4, 33.1) | 32.2 (25.5, 38.9) | .001f | ||||
| Δ, mean (95% CI) | −20.1 (−22.5, −17.7) | −22.7 (−32.0, −13.3) | −17.4 (−34.2, −0.6) | −15.2 (−24.5, −6.0) | .453 | ||||
| RRc | 37.1% | 44.3% | 28.1% | 24.3% | .027f | ||||
| % MCIDd | 74.5% | 75.0% | 70.0% | 51.9% | .092 | ||||
| P valuee | <.001f | <.001f | .044f | .002f | … | ||||
| VAS Back | |||||||||
| Pre, mean (95% CI) | 5.8 (5.4, 6.1) | 6.3 (4.9, 7.7) | 5.4 (3.1, 7.7) | 6.7 (5.8, 7.7) | .431 | ... | −0.136 (−1.372, 1.099), .828 | −0.452 (−2.185, 1.281), .608 | 0.667 (−0.394, 1.727), .217 |
| Post, mean (95% CI) | 2.9 (2.6, 3.2) | 2.8 (1.7, 3.9) | 1.8 (0.8, 2.8) | 3.6 (2.5, 4.8) | .299 | ||||
| Δ, mean (95% CI) | −3.0 (−3.4, −2.6) | −3.8 (−5.4, −2.3) | −3.3 (−5.9, −0.6) | −2.9 (−4.4, −1.4) | .634 | ||||
| RRc | 38.6% | 50.0% | 29.7% | 39.5% | .839 | ||||
| % MCIDd | 56.3% | 70.0% | 55.6% | 60.0% | .677 | ||||
| P valuee | <.001f | <.001f | .022f | <.001f | … | ||||
| VAS Leg | |||||||||
| Pre, mean (95% CI) | 6.0 (5.6, 6.3) | 7.5 (6.5, 8.5) | 5.0 (2.4, 7.7) | 6.4 (5.2, 7.6) | .113 | ... | 0.162 (−1.192, 1.516), .814 | −0.458 (−2.347, 1.430), .634 | 0.740 (−0.409, 1.889), .206 |
| Post, mean (95% CI) | 2.4 (2.1, 2.7) | 2.5 (1.4, 3.7) | 1.4 (0.5, 2.2) | 3.1 (1.9, 4.3) | .490 | ||||
| Δ, mean (95% CI) | −3.6 (−4.1, −3.2) | −4.9 (−6.2, −3.6) | −3.3 (−6.0, −0.6) | −3.3 (−5.1, −1.5) | .501 | ||||
| RRc | 53.4% | 61.8% | 56.0% | 45.0% | .789 | ||||
| % MCIDd | 59.8% | 80.0% | 66.7% | 60.0% | .342 | ||||
| P valuee | <.001f | <.001f | .021f | .001f | … | ||||
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; Δ, delta; MCS-12, Short Form-12 mental component score; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; PCS-12, Short Form-12 physical component score; % MCID, percentage of patients reaching MCID at 1-year follow-up; Post, postoperative; Pre, preoperative; PROM, Patient-reported outcome measurement; RR, recovery ratio; VAS-back, Visual Analogue Score for back pain; VAS-leg, Visual Analogue Score for leg pain.
1-way ANOVA (Bonferroni post-hoc analysis), Kruskal-Wallis H test (Dunn multiple pairwise comparison post-hoc analysis), or Pearson χ2 analysis.
Multiple linear regression analysis.
Calculated for PROM improvement scores using this formula: (PROM Δ/[ideal score − preoperative PROM]). Ideal scores: PCS-12 and MCS-12 = 100; ODI, VAS back, and VAS leg = 0.
MCID cut-off values: PCS-12: 8.8, MCS-12: 9.3, ODI: 6.8, VAS Back: 2.1, and VAS Leg: 2.4.
Paired samples t test.
Indicates statistical significance (P < .05).