Table 2.
Food frequency survey diet scores for MAC participants.
| Category | Pre- test | Post- test | t-test |
|---|---|---|---|
| Questions | n=5 | n=5 | |
| Corn sweeteners, refined or high sugar | |||
| How often do you drink a sugar sweetened beverage (do not include diet drinks)? a | 2 | 3 | p>0.05 |
| How often do you drink an energy drink? a | 4 | 4 | |
| During the past month, how many times did you eat canned fruit (applesauce, apricot halves, mixed fruit, pears, cling peaches)? a | 5 | 5 | |
| During the past month, how many times did you drink 100% fruit juice (apple, orange, grape, cranberry, other)? c | 1 | 1 | |
| During the past month, how many times did you eat “sweet snacks” such as candy, cookies, ice cream, popsicle, other sugar sweetened treat (do not include diet)? d | 1 | 5 | |
| Total score for category | 13 | 18 | |
| Mean | 2.6 | 3.6 | |
| SD | 1.817 | 1.673 | |
| Fish | p>0.05 | ||
| How many times in the past month have you eaten freshly caught fish? b | 2 | 1 | |
| During the past month, how many times did you eat canned tuna? b | 3 | 5 | |
| During the past month, how many times did you eat canned salmon? c | 0 | 0 | |
| Total score for category | 5 | 6 | |
| Mean | 1.66 | 2 | |
| SD | 1.528 | 2.646 | |
| Whole foods (minimal processing) and/or organic products | |||
| During the past month, how many times did you eat fresh or frozen fruit (bananas, oranges, apples, strawberries, etc….)? e | 3 | 4 | |
| During the past month, how many times did you eat fresh vegetables (spinach, lettuce, tomato, carrot, green salad, etc…)? e | 2 | 5 | |
| Whole foods (minimal processing) and/or organic products | p<0.01 | ||
| During the past month, how many times did you eat frozen vegetables (corn, broccoli, peas, green beans, etc….)? e | 2 | 3 | |
| During the past month, how many times did you eat poultry (chicken or turkey)? e | 3 | 4 | |
| How often in the past month, did you eat red meat (hamburger, pork, ham, or sausage)? d (moderation) | 2 | 2 | |
| During the past month, how many times did you eat “brown rice”? f | 3 | 4 | |
| During the past month, how many times did you eat oats (oat meal)? f | 5 | 4 | |
| During the past month, how many times did you eat canned vegetables (green beans, carrots, corn, peas, spinach, sweet potatoes, diced tomato, mixed vegetables)? b (moderation) | 1 | 2 | |
| How many times in the past month did you eat foods prepared with organic flour? f | 0 | 3 | |
| How many times in the last month did you eat organic vegetables or fruit (fresh or frozen)? f | 4 | 4 | |
| How many times in the past month did you eat organic processed foods (crackers, bread, cereal, canned vegetables, salad dressing, etc….)? f | 2 | 5 | |
| Total score for category | 27 | 42 | |
| Mean | 2.454 | 3.818 | |
| SD | 1.368 | 0.874 | |
| Highly processed foods | p<0.01 | ||
| During the past month, how many times did you eat canned meals (soup, re-fried beans, chili with and without beans, beef stew, etc..)? d | 5 | 5 | |
| During the past month, how many times did you eat processed cheese (American)? a | 1 | 3 | |
| During the past month, how many times did you eat processed meat (lunch meat, hotdogs, bacon, beef jerky, etc…)? d | 3 | 4 | |
| During the past month, how many times did you eat ready-to-eat cereal (corn flakes, rice crisp, corn squares, oat circles, etc….)? d | 5 | 5 | |
| During the past month, how many times did you eat foods fried in vegetable oil, lard, or butter, such as potato chips, french fries, fry bread, doughnuts, hash browns, fried eggs, etc…? d | 1 | 3 | |
| During the past month, how many times did you eat “salty” snacks such as potato chips, pretzels, corn chips, pop-corn, etc…? d | 3 | 5 | |
| During the past month, how many times did you eat grain products made of wheat such as macaroni, bread, hamburger buns, hotdog buns, or spaghetti? d | 2 | 3 | |
| During the past month, how many times did you eat “white” rice? d | 4 | 5 | |
| During the past month, how many times did you eat meals prepared in restaurants, fast food places, pizza parlors, or from vending machines? d | 3 | 4 | |
| Total score for category | 27 | 38 | |
| Mean | 3 | 4.222 | |
| SD | 1.414 | 0.972 |
a
score = 1 if “never, rarely (once or twice a month)”
b
score = 1 if “once a week, rarely (once or twice a month)”
c
score = 1 if “once a week, several times a week, every day (1–2 servings)”
d
score = 1 if “never, rarely, once a week”
e
score =1 if “several times a week, pretty much every day (1–2 servings), several times a day (3 or more servings)”
f
score = 1 if “rarely (once or twice a month), once a week, several times a week, pretty much every day (1–2 servings)”