Figure 2.

Phenotypic effects of methylation manipulations on second generation (G2) cane toad tadpoles. (a) Interaction of G1 alarm cue exposure × G2 alarm cue exposure on the probability of mortality of G2 tadpoles. G2 tadpoles whose parents were not exposed to alarm cues and were not directly exposed to alarm cues themselves had the lowest rates of mortality (G1.–A/G2.–A, left data point) and significantly lower mortality rates than those whose parents had no exposure to alarm cues but were directly exposed to alarm cues themselves (G1.–A/G2.+A, upper-middle data point; electronic supplementary material, table S4, p = 0.009). G2 tadpoles whose parents were exposed to alarm cues (G1.+A/G2.−A, lower-middle data point; G1.+A/G2.+A, right data point) did not have significantly different mortality rates compared with tadpoles in any other treatment group. (b) Effect of G1 and G2 alarm cue exposure on tadpole cue potency (measured by the change in conspecific growth). Grey wedge represents the strength of cue. (Online version in colour.)