Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of HF QUIK participants by control and intervention period.
| Control | Intervention | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participant characteristics | N | n (%) | N | n (%) | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 758 | 66.7 (12.4) | 642 | 66.5 (12.0) | 0.78 |
| Male | 758 | 441 (58.2) | 642 | 423 (65.9) | 0.003 |
| Transferred from another facility | 758 | 282 (37.2) | 642 | 225 (35.0) | 0.57 |
| Ischemic etiology of HF | 757 | 634 (83.8) | 642 | 570 (88.8) | <0.001 |
| Medical history prior to HF admission | |||||
| Tobacco use, | 756 | 267 (35.3) | 642 | 233 (36.3) | 0.21 |
| Alcohol use | 756 | 187 (24.7) | 642 | 154 (24.0) | 0.24 |
| Coronary heart disease | 758 | 409 (54.0) | 642 | 377 (58.7) | 0.07 |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention | 758 | 67 (8.8) | 642 | 62 (9.7) | 0.60 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 758 | 428 (56.5) | 642 | 339 (52.8) | 0.17 |
| Hypertension | 758 | 447 (59.0) | 642 | 371 (57.8) | 0.66 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 758 | 161 (21.2) | 642 | 134 (20.9) | 0.87 |
| Valvular heart disease | 758 | 52 (6.9) | 642 | 36 (5.6) | 0.34 |
| Rheumatic heart disease, | 758 | 24 (3.2) | 642 | 21 (3.3) | 0.91 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 758 | 129 (17.0) | 642 | 97 (15.1) | 0.33 |
| Stroke | 758 | 54 (7.1) | 642 | 42 (6.5) | 0.67 |
| Implantable cardioverter defibrillator | 758 | 5 (0.7) | 642 | 4 (0.6) | 0.93 |
| Cardiac resynchronization therapy | 758 | 5 (0.7) | 642 | 4 (0.6) | 0.93 |
| Medications prior to HF admission | |||||
| Loop diuretic | 758 | 297 (39.2) | 642 | 258 (40.2) | 0.70 |
| Thiazide diuretic | 758 | 8 (1.1) | 642 | 8 (1.2) | 0.74 |
| ACE-I or ARB | 758 | 179 (23.6) | 642 | 156 (24.3) | 0.77 |
| Beta-blocker | 758 | 233 (30.7) | 642 | 247 (38.5) | 0.002 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 758 | 135 (17.8) | 642 | 87 (13.6) | 0.03 |
| ARNi | 758 | 10 (1.3) | 642 | 3 (0.5) | 0.10 |
| Digoxin | 758 | 78 (10.3) | 642 | 52 (8.1) | 0.16 |
| Ivabradine | 758 | 34 (4.5) | 642 | 20 (3.1) | 0.19 |
| Aspirin | 758 | 334 (44.1) | 642 | 318 (49.5) | 0.04 |
| Statin | 758 | 347 (45.8) | 642 | 330 (51.4) | 0.04 |
| Physical exam, laboratory and imaging | |||||
| Weight, mean (SD), kg | 400 | 63.6 (11.4) | 399 | 64.2 (10.6) | 0.45 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg | 755 | 138.7 (30.1) | 639 | 141.4 (30.5) | 0.10 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg | 755 | 82.4 (15.5) | 639 | 83.5 (15.5) | 0.18 |
| Heart rate, mean (SD), bpm | 757 | 93.5 (23.3) | 640 | 94.1 (23.8) | 0.65 |
| Sodium, mean (SD), mEq/L | 746 | 134.6 (6.3) | 638 | 134.8 (5.1) | 0.68 |
| Creatinine, median (IQR), mg/dL | 749 | 1.2 (1.0, 1.6) | 638 | 1.2 (1.0, 1.7) | 0.87 |
| BNP, median (IQR), pg/dL | 72 | 2,665 (1,295, 7,398) | 84 | 2,331 (1,441, 8,780) | 0.66 |
| NT pro-BNP, median (IQR), pg/mL | 53 | 4,322 (2,215, 12,071) | 39 | 6,487 (2,957, 12,260) | 0.23 |
| Ejection fraction, mean (SD), % | 752 | 35.9 (10.1) | 638 | 35.1 (9.9) | 0.12 |
ACE-I: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker, ARNi: angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor, BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide, IQR: interquartile range, NT pro-BNP: N-terminal pro hormone B-type natriuretic peptide