Table 3. Multivariable Poisson regression for predictors of fatality among for confirmed and probable diphtheria patients, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, November 10, 2017 to November 10, 2019.
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent variable | Level | N | RR (95% CI) | p-value | RR (95% CI) | p-value |
| Age group | 0–6 | 932 | Reference | - | Reference | - |
| 7–14 | 1,879 | 0.02 (0.001–0.003) | <0.001 | 0.11 (0.02–0.53) | 0.006 | |
| 15+ | 1,080 | 0.00 (0.00–Inf) | 0.993 | 0.00 (0.00–Inf) | 0.992 | |
| Sex | Female | 2,145 | Reference | - | - | - |
| Male | 1,750 | 0.75 (0.30–1.79) | 0.530 | - | - | |
| Vaccination status | Unvaccinated | 1,214 | Reference | - | - | - |
| Vaccinated | 845 | 1.08 (0.21–4.89) | 0.922 | - | - | |
| Delay | 1 day* | 3,895 | 1.13 (0.99–1.22) | 0.011 | 1.13 (0.99–1.29) | 0.076 |
| Respiratory distress | False | 3,805 | Reference | - | Reference | - |
| True | 90 | 13.21 (4.32–33.73) | <0.001 | 13.65 (4.59–40.61) | <0.001 | |
| Pseudomembrane | False | 1,442 | Reference | - | Reference | - |
| True | 2,453 | 11.76 (2.45–211.01) | 0.016 | 10.85 (1.28–92.27) | 0.029 | |
| GCL | False | 1,730 | Reference | - | Reference | - |
| True | 2,165 | 0.32 (0.11–0.79) | 0.018 | 0.50 (0.17–1.47) | 0.207 | |
| Antibiotic treatment | False | 1,141 | Reference | - | Reference | - |
| True | 2,754 | 0.38 (0.16–0.89) | 0.025 | 0.22 (0.06–0.76) | 0.017 | |
| DAT | False | 980 | Reference | - | Reference | - |
| True | 983 | 3.35 (1.02–14.93) | 0.066 | 5.43 (1.39–21.23) | 0.015 | |
* RR for each additional day delay between disease onset and presentation at health facility.
Covariates with a p-value of < = 0.1 were included in the multivariate model.
CI, confidence interval; DAT, diphtheria antitoxin; GCL, gross cervical lymphadenopathy; RR, risk ratio.