Table 5. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of an enhanced probable case definition (presence of either PM and/or GCL) with inclusion of additional signs and symptoms, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, November 10, 2017 to November 10, 2019.
| Additional sign/symptom | n (N = 2006) | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | PPV (%) | NPV (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None (PM and/or GCL alone) | 1,373 | 83.9 | 34.4 | 19.3 | 91.9 |
| Sore throat | 1,367 | 99.2 | 0.5 | 15.7 | 79.3 |
| Fever | 1,304 | 98.4 | 1 | 15.7 | 76.9 |
| Difficulty in swallowing | 1,136 | 87.9 | 8.2 | 15.2 | 78.4 |
| Tonsillitis | 396 | 48.4 | 59.3 | 18.2 | 86 |
| Nasal regurgitation | 52 | 20.3 | 93.3 | 36.1 | 86.2 |
| Nasal blood | 21 | 20 | 98.5 | 70.9 | 86.8 |
| Lethargy | 13 | 3.8 | 98.1 | 27.7 | 84.5 |
GCL, gross cervical lymphadenopathy; NPV, negative predictive value; PM, pseudomembrane; PPV, positive predictive value.