Abbreviations: TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6: interleukin-6; TIRAP: Toll/interleukin-1-receptor-domain-containing adaptor protein, TRIF: TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β, JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinases, NF-κB: nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, IKK: IκB kinase, GSK3β: Glycogen synthase kinase 3β, APC: Adenomatous polyposis coli protein, PXR: Pregnane X receptor, CAR: Constitutive androstane receptor, LXR: Liver X receptor, AhR: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor, RXR: Retinoid X receptor.