Table 1.

Identified agonists of the Desmodus rotundus bitter taste receptors T2R1, T2R4 and T2R7. Natural and synthetic bitter substances, which showed receptor activation in Ca²⁺-imaging experiments are presented. Multiple activators per receptor were identified, and their maximal applied concentrations (c_max) are presented. No activation is indicated by (—) and for agonists efficacies and the corresponding standard deviations are given as relative fluorescence (ΔF/F) (n = 3). Further, activation threshold concentrations are given in parenthesis for compounds, which activation threshold concentration is different from the maximal concentration.

	cmax	T2R1	T2R4	T2R7
artemisinin	100 µM	—	0.12 ± 0.01	0.13 ± 0.01
chloramphenicol	1 mM	0.08 ± 0.02	—	0.09 ± 0.02
chloroquine	10 mM	0.16 ± 0.03	0.29 ± 0.08	0.34 ± 0.10 (3 mM)
coumarin	1 mM	—	0.13 ± 0.03	0.16 ± 0.01
denatonium benzoate	10 mM	—	0.32 ± 0.02	0.32 ± 0.04 (300 µM)
ethylhydrocupreine	30 µM	—	—	0.10 ± 0.02
picrotin	1 mM	—	—	0.08 ± 0.02
picrotoxinin	1 mM	0.08 ± 0.02	—	0.13 ± 0.03
quinine sulfate	30 µM	—	—	0.11 ± 0.01