Table 3.

 Intrinsic empowerment subtheme with the learning behavior elements

Intrinsic empowerment
Proactive	Being organized	Being diligent	Resourceful
• Analyze problems and learning needs • Seek guidance • Integrate subjects from different disciplines • Incorporate hands on activities	• Organize PBL team by assigning roles • Organize discussed ideas or learning needs • Prioritize ideas or learning needs	• Consistent in self-study • Keep track with plans • Responsible in completing the task • Responsible in understanding the learning materials	• Use various resources • Appraise the resources • Use evidence-based resources • Paraphrase the resources