Table 1. Significant genetic correlations between lung function measures and metabolite and hormone GWAS.

Lung function trait	Biochemical trait	Genetic correlation (rg)*	p-Value
FEV1	Fasting insulin	−0.23 (0.04)	6.61 × 10−8
	Leptin (BMI unadjusted)	−0.25 (0.05)	3.74 × 10−7
	Leptin (BMI adjusted)	−0.24 (0.05)	9.13 × 10−7
	Urate	−0.12 (0.03)	9.46 × 10−6
	Fasting glucose	−0.13 (0.03)	1 × 10−4
FVC	Fasting insulin	−0.31 (0.04)	6.98 × 10−14
	Leptin (BMI unadjusted)	−0.33 (0.05)	2.85 × 10−12
	Leptin (BMI adjusted)	−0.27 (0.05)	1.21 × 10−8
	HDL cholesterol	0.14 (0.03)	9.97 × 10−7
	Urate	−0.12 (0.02)	9.54 × 10−7
	Triglycerides	−0.11 (0.03)	1.53 × 10−5
	Fasting glucose	−0.12 (0.03)	1 × 10−4
FEV1/FVC	HDL cholesterol	−0.11 (0.03)	2 × 10−4

^*Genetic correlations which survived multiple testing correction for each lung function trait individually are reported with their respective standard error.

Evidence of a causal relationship between fasting glucose and lung function supports antihyperglycaemic compounds as drug-repurposing candidates.

FEV₁: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV₁/FVC: ratio of FEV₁ to FVC; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; BMI: body mass index; GWAS: genome-wide association studies.