Table 2.

Physical and chemical characteristics of most widely used artificial sweeteners and their main markets worldwide.

Artificial sweetener	Brand/trade name	Main market	Chemical formula	ADI (g/kg/day)	Sweetening potential	Uses	Molar mass (g/mol)	Density (g/cm3)	Year of approval	Reference
ASP	NutraSweet Equal	North America, Europe, Asia	C14H18N2O5	40	200	Foods and beverages, pharmaceuticals, etc.	294.3	1.347	1981	Whitehouse et al., 2008 [45]; Fenge et al., 2013 [46]; Abu-Reidah [47]
SAC	Sweet'N Low, Sweet Twin, Necta Sweet	America, Europe, Asia	C7H5NO3	5	300	Soft drinks, tabletop sweeteners, and desserts	183.2	0.83	1985	Walter [46]; Feng et al., 2013 [48]; BeMiller [49]
ACE	Sunett Sweet One	North America, Europe, Asia	C4H4KNO4S	15	200	Table-top sweeteners, beverages, dairy products, confectionery, oral hygiene products, and pharmaceuticals	163.15	1.83	1988	Kuhn [50]; Lange et al. [51]; Zeece [52]
NEO	Neotame	America	C20H24N2O5	0.3	7000	Carbonated soft drinks, yogurts, cakes, drink powders, etc.	378.46	1.13	2002	Nabors [54]; Lange et al. [51]; Tiefenb-acher [53]
SUC	Splenda	North America	C12H19Cl3O8	5	6000	Diet foods and beverages	397.64	1.69	1998	Spillane [47]; Feng et al., 2013 [48]; Hughes and Dean [56]
ALT	Aclame	Australia, Mexico, New Zealand, China	C14H25N3O4S	1	2000	Bakery products, snack foods, candies and confectionery, ice cream, and frozen dairy products	331.43		Not approved by FDA, thus not used in USA and EU	Feng 2016 et al., 2013 [48]; Tiefenb-acher [53]; BeMiller [49]
CYC	Twin Sweet	Europe, Asia	C6H12NNaO3S	7	30	Baked goods, confections, desserts, soft drinks, preserves, and salad dressings	201.22	0.7	1984 banned in USA since 1970	Lange et al., 2012 [51]; Chakrab-orty and Das, 2016 [57]
NHDC		Europe, Japan	C28H36O15	5	1900	Flavoring agent or adjuvant, foods including condiments and seasonings, beverage, and pharmaceuticals	612.6	1.6	1994	Lange et al. [51]; Ashurst et al. [58]