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. 2021 Apr 21;11:8665. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-88088-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Experimental design, swimming strategies in the Morris water maze, and the animals’ wellbeing during the experiment between sham and stimulated rats. (A) Experimental design. Timeline of electrode implantation 2 weeks before electrical stimulation (0 week-start), video EEG (vEEG) monitoring, the battery of behavioral tests, and perfusion (32 week-end). (B) Schematic illustration of swimming strategies in the Morris water maze using Rodent Data Analysis (RODA) software. (C) Body weight in sham (n = 12) and stimulated animals (SE, n = 15) during 31 weeks after electrical stimulation. No differences were observed between groups (mean ± SEM). (D) Behavioral hyperexcitability test. Notice a higher touch-response score in stimulated rats (SE, n = 15) at week 12 compared with week 6. *p < 0.05. The data are expressed as median and range (min, max).