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. 2021 Apr 21;11:8665. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-88088-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Performance between sham, low-seizure-number, and high-seizure-number groups in the elevated plus maze test and Morris water maze test (with swimming strategy analysis) 9 and 27 weeks after stimulation. (A) Performance in the elevated plus maze test. The high-seizure-number group (n = 8) exhibited an increase in the number of entries into the closed arms in the elevated plus maze test at week 26 compared with the low-seizure-number group (a2). *p < 0.05. No differences were observed between groups in the number of entries into the closed arms at week 8 (a1) or the number of entries into the open arms at weeks 8 and 26 of the experiment (a3, a4) (mean ± SEM). (B) Performance in the Morris water maze. No differences were observed in the time to find the platform (in seconds) during Morris water maze training days at week 9 (b1) and week 27 (b2) of the experiment between the sham (n = 12), low-seizure-number (n = 7), and high-seizure-number (n = 8) groups (mean ± SEM). (C) Analysis of swimming strategy on the Morris water maze test day using RODA software. The high-seizure-number group (n = 8) exhibited an increase in the number of sections where they presented an incursion (IC) strategy compared with sham animals (c1). *p < 0.05. The high-seizure-number group (n = 8) exhibited a decrease in the scanning (SC) strategy at week 9 and week 27 of the experiment compared with the sham group (n = 12) (c1, c2). *p < 0.05 (mean ± SEM). (D) Comparison of scanning and incursion strategies in the Morris water maze. A higher proportion of scanning (SC) to incursion (IC) was observed in the sham group (n = 12) compared with the low-seizure-number group (n = 7) on the Morris water maze test day at week 9 (d1, d2). *p < 0.05. The high-seizure-number group exhibited a lower proportion of scanning (SC) to incursion (IC) compared with the sham group (n = 12) on the Morris water maze test day at week 27 (d4, d6). *p < 0.05. No differences were observed between the sham (n = 12) and high-seizure-number (n = 8) groups at week 9 (d1, d3) or between the sham (n = 12) and low-seizure-number (n = 7) groups at week 27 of the experiment (d4-d5) (mean ± SD).