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. 2021 Apr 21;11:8676. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87860-1

Table 4.

Demographic characteristics and factors associated with anti-HBs antibody below the seroprotective level in children in the 2-year follow-up phase, Nha Trang, Vietnam, 2011–2012 (N = 1338).

Factors Total N (%) Anti-HBs antibody below the seroprotective level
n (% n/N)
OR (95%CI) aOR (95%CI)
N = 1338 n = 203 (15.2%)
[Children]
HBsAg
Negative 1313 (98.1) 191 (14.6) Ref Ref
Positive 26 (1.9) 12 (46.2) 5.0 (2.3, 11.0) 5.5 (2.4, 12.2)
Sex
Female 639 (47.7) 81 (12.7) Ref Ref
Male 700 (52.3) 122 (17.5) 1.5 (1.1, 2.0) 1.5(1.1, 2.0)
Immunization status of HepB
No or Incomplete 315 (23.5) 62 (19.7) Ref Ref
Complete 1024 (76.5) 141 (13.8) 0.7 (0.5–0.9) 0.7 (0.5–0.9)
Timing of HepB-BD
No 229 (17.1) 39 (17.0) Ref -
Day 0–1 1104 (82.5) 163 (14.8) 0.8 (0.6, 1.2) -
Day 2–7 6 (0.5) 1 (16.7) 1.0 (0.1, 8.6) -
HBIG at birth
No 1333 (99.8) 202 (15.2) Ref -
Yes 3 (0.2) 0 (0) * -
[Mothers]
HBsAg
Negative 1173 (87.6) 170 (14.5) Ref -
Positive 166 (12.4) 33 (19.9) 1.5 (0.97, 2.2) -
Age (years old)
17–24 385 (28.9) 50 (13.0) Ref Ref
25–34 769 (57.8) 115 (15.0) 1.2 (0.8, 1.7) 1.2 (0.9, 1.8)
35–44 177 (13.3) 37 (21.0) 1.8 (1.1, 2.9) 1.9 (1.2, 3.1)
BMI in prepregnancy
Normal-High 997 (74.5) 150 (15.1) Ref -
Low 342 (25.5) 53 (15.5) 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) -
Mode of delivery
Vaginal 766 (57.2) 124 (16.2) Ref -
Caesarian Section 573 (42.8) 79 (13.8) 0.8 (0.6, 1.1) -

Logistic regression was used for projecting odds ratios (OR) in univariate analysis and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) in multivariate analysis.

Variables with statistical significance were underlined where 95%CI of aOR did not include 1.

HepB: hepatitis B vaccine; HBsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen; N: number; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; aOR: adjusted odds ratio; HepB-BD: birth dose of HepB; HBIG: hepatitis B immune globulin; HLA: human leukocyte antigen; BMI: body mass index; and Ref.: reference.

*Dropped since no HBsAg positive cases existed in the category.