Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the study population.
| Normoalbuminuria (n = 99) |
Albuminuria (n = 209) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 39 ± 11 | 37 ± 8 |
| Men, n (%) | 41 (41%) | 120 (57%) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25 ± 5 | 26 ± 5 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 118 ± 12 | 129 ± 17 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 71 ± 7 | 78 ± 9 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 100% | 100% |
| Diabetes duration, years | 24 ± 9 | 23 ± 9 |
| HbA1c, % | 8.8 ± 1.4 | 9.3 ± 1.7 |
| ACR, mg/g creatinine | 7 (5–10) | 665 (393–1250) |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 110 ± 14 | 97 ± 21 |
| eGFR category: G1 (≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2), n (%) | 91 (92%) | 127 (61%) |
| eGFR category: G2 (60–< 90 mL/min/1.73 m2), n (%) | 8 (8%) | 82 (39%) |
| Cholesterol, mg/dL | 180 ± 32 | 215 ± 48 |
| HDL, mg/dL | 57 ± 15 | 56 ± 17 |
| ACE inhibitor/ARB use | 19% | 67% |
| Other antihypertensive treatment | 8% | 16% |
| Statin use | 21% | 19% |
Study subjects had long duration of Type 1 Diabetes, normal renal function, and persistent normoalbuminuria or a broad range of albuminuria.
ACR albumin to creatinine ratio, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HDL high density lipoprotein, ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme, ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker, n sample size. Continuous traits are presented as mean (± SD) or median (25th–75th percentile), and binary traits are presented as %. Classification of eGFR followed the guidelines set by NKF/KDIGO57.