Table 2.

Linear mixed effects regression analyses.

Outcome	Predictor	$\beta$	SE	p
Average pain	Intercept	− 0.31	0.25	0.222
	Music preference	− 0.10	0.03	0.002**
	Condition (depth)	− 0.12	0.14	0.402
	Condition (valence)	− 0.13	0.14	0.365
	Order	0.19	0.05	0.001***
Maximal pain	Intercept	− 0.06	0.21	0.775
	Music preference	− 0.09	0.03	0.001***
	Condition (depth)	0.07	0.12	0.585
	Condition (valence)	− 0.16	0.12	0.177
	Order	0.13	0.05	0.009**
Controllability	Intercept	0.07	0.37	0.844
	Music preference	− 0.06	0.05	0.193
	Condition (depth)	0.29	0.22	0.176
	Condition (valence)	0.17	0.21	0.433
	Order	− 0.04	0.08	0.627
Pain tolerance	Intercept	− 6.60	3.36	0.051
	Music preference	1.93	0.44	0.0001 ***
	Condition (depth)	− 1.98	2.10	0.348
	Condition (valence)	− 3.12	2.06	0.132
	Order	2.13	0.79	0.008**
Pain threshold	Intercept	− 1.85	2.85	0.516
	Music preference	0.41	0.36	0.257
	Condition (depth)	− 1.49	1.70	0.384
	Condition (valence)	− 1.07	1.67	0.521
	Order	1.41	0.65	0.030*
Heart rate	Intercept	− 0.38	1.95	0.845
	Music preference	− 0.31	0.23	0.177
	Condition (depth)	− 1.33	1.05	0.205
	Condition (valence)	0.08	1.02	0.942
	Order	− 1.30	0.40	0.001***
Blood pressure (systolic)	Intercept	− 7.20	2.91	0.014*
	Music preference	0.17	0.37	0.648
	Condition (depth)	2.92	1.69	0.086
	Condition (valence)	1.64	1.65	0.324
	Order	− 1.24	0.64	0.055
Blood pressure (diastolic)	Intercept	− 2.34	1.29	0.072
	Music preference	− 0.17	0.16	0.274
	Condition (depth)	1.37	0.71	0.055
	Condition (valence)	1.40	0.69	0.045*
	Order	0.05	0.27	0.849

Music preference, music condition, and experimental order as predictors of five pain outcomes. Beta regression coefficient; SE standard error. Intercept values are for the arousal condition.

* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.