Table 1.
Summary of the structure of the Ewha Birth and Growth Study1
| Characteristics | At birth | Follow-up examinations (yr) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13-15 | ||
| Boys | ||||||||||
| No. of subjects | 487 | 236 | 202 | 161 | 199 | 200 | 123 | 133 | 116 | 122 |
| Height (cm) | 49.4±2.4 | 97.8±4.5 | 112.2±5.3 | 124.4±5.7 | 130.3±5.6 | 135.0±5.7 | 139.1±6.0 | 145.8±6.1 | 152.5±7.8 | 162.8±7.0 |
| Z-score of height | -0.2±1.3 | -0.5±1.2 | -0.2±1.2 | -0.2±1.1 | -0.1±1.1 | -0.2±1.0 | -0.5±1.0 | -0.3±0.9 | -0.3±1.1 | 0.0±0.9 |
| Weight (kg) | 3.2±0.5 | 14.9±2.0 | 20.1±3.4 | 25.3±4.9 | 29.1±6.3 | 32.8±6.9 | 35.5±7.6 | 41.2±9.4 | 47.8±11.0 | 56.0±12.3 |
| Z-score of weight | -0.3±1.2 | -0.7±1.3 | -0.2±1.3 | -0.4±1.2 | -0.3±1.2 | -0.3±1.1 | -0.4±1.1 | -0.3±1.1 | -0.1±1.1 | 0.1±1.1 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 13.2±1.3 | 15.5±1.4 | 15.9±1.8 | 16.2±2.2 | 17.0±2.7 | 17.8±2.8 | 18.2±3.1 | 19.2±3.2 | 20.4±3.4 | 21.1±3.8 |
| Overweight2 | - | 12 (5.2) | 13 (6.4) | 11 (6.9) | 14 (7.1) | 16 (8.1) | 12 (9.8) | 11 (8.3) | 8 (7.7) | 5 (5.1) |
| Obesity3 | - | 13 (5.7) | 16 (7.9) | 11 (6.9) | 18 (9.1) | 16 (8.1) | 7 (5.7) | 10 (7.5) | 13 (12.5) | 12 (12.1) |
| SBP (mmHg) | 65.8±8.1 | 93.8±10.5 | 93.8±10.5 | 100.8±9.8 | 106.0±10.8 | 107.7±10.9 | 110.2±11.7 | 111.8±10.0 | 110.0±13.5 | 111.8±11.8 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 39.2±8.0 | 60.2±9.6 | 59.2±6.6 | 58.4±6.7 | 61.1±6.9 | 63.1±6.6 | 69.8±8.9 | 69.6±8.4 | 68.7±8.3 | 68.3±9.2 |
| High BP4 | - | - | - | 6 (3.8) | 4 (2.0) | 7 (3.5) | 4 (3.3) | 5 (3.8) | 4 (3.5) | 3 (2.5) |
| Girls | ||||||||||
| No. of subjects | 452 | 239 | 196 | 201 | 183 | 199 | 113 | 143 | 113 | 127 |
| Height (cm) | 48.7±2.7 | 96.1±4.2 | 111.5±4.7 | 122.8±4.9 | 129.9±5.0 | 134.7±5.7 | 139.2±5.7 | 147.0±6.3 | 153.6±6.1 | 158.2±5.4 |
| Z-score of height | -0.3±1.4 | -0.7±1.1 | 0.0±1.1 | -0.2±1.0 | 0.0±0.9 | -0.2±1.0 | -0.5±0.9 | -0.3±1.0 | 0.0±1.0 | 0.1±1.0 |
| Weight (kg) | 3.1±0.5 | 14.3±1.7 | 19.4±2.8 | 23.9±4.1 | 28.2±5.3 | 31.4±5.9 | 34.8±7.2 | 40.3±7.6 | 46.3±8.5 | 51.1±8.3 |
| Z-score of weight | -0.3±1.3 | -0.7±1.2 | -0.2±1.2 | -0.4±1.1 | -0.2±1.0 | -0.3±1.0 | -0.4±1.0 | -0.3±1.0 | 0.0±1.0 | 0.1±1.0 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 13.1±1.5 | 15.4±1.3 | 15.5±1.5 | 15.8±2.1 | 16.6±2.5 | 17.2±2.4 | 17.8±2.7 | 18.6±2.8 | 19.6±3.0 | 20.4±2.9 |
| Overweight2 | - | 19 (8.2) | 11 (5.6) | 8 (4.0) | 13 (7.1) | 19 (9.6) | 9 (8.0) | 7 (4.9) | 13 (13.8) | 15 (11.8) |
| Obesity3 | - | 11 (4.7) | 8 (4.1) | 10 (5.0) | 9 (4.9) | 7 (3.5) | 8 (7.1) | 9 (6.3) | 7 (7.5) | 9 (7.1) |
| SBP (mmHg) | 68.2±9.4 | 93.5±9.5 | 98.5±9.4 | 99.1±10.1 | 103.1±11.4 | 105.6±10.6 | 109.8±10.8 | 111.6±11.0 | 108.9±11.5 | 108.7±11.1 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 39.3±8.0 | 60.3±8.9 | 59.3±6.4 | 59.2±6.8 | 60.5±7.3 | 62.4±7.4 | 69.5±8.0 | 71.0±9.3 | 68.5±8.8 | 66.9±7.9 |
| High BP4 | - | - | - | 1 (0.5) | 2 (1.1) | 5 (2.5) | 1 (0.9) | 2 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.6) |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).
The sex- and age-specific Z-scores of height and weight were calculated based on the 2017 Korean Children and Adolescent National Growth Charts; Overweight and obesity were defined based on the 2017 Korean Children and Adolescent National Growth Charts; High BP was defined based on the 2007 Korean Children and Adolescent National Growth Charts.
BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BP, blood pressure.
Numbers vary as a result of missing data.
Overweight: 85th ≤ BMI < 95th percentile.
Obesity: BMI ≥ 95th percentile or BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2.
High BP: SBP or DBP ≥ 90th percentile or SBP/DBP ≥120/80 mmHg.