Table 2.
Subgroup analysis for the general population.
| Subgroup | Studies | Pooled prevalence % (95% CI) | I2 (%) | Test of difference within each subgroup | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q | p | ||||
| Mean age | 221.97 | <0.001 | |||
| 18–20 | 1 | 2.70 (2.13–3.41) | 99.20 | ||
| 21–30 | 5 | 37.58 (25.97–50.83) | 98.90 | ||
| 31–40 | 25 | 22.34 (15.74–31.15) | 99.80 | ||
| 41–50 | 10 | 26.53 (19.23–35.39) | 96.50 | ||
| ≥51 | 3 | 62.16 (13.84–94.38) | 98.90 | ||
| Percentage of male participants (%) | 5.31 | 0.021 | |||
| 0–50 | 65 | 26.70 (21.06–33.22) | 99.70 | ||
| 51–100 | 11 | 41.79 (30.64–53.86) | 99.10 | ||
| WHO area | 2.86 | 0.580 | |||
| European | 18 | 32.13 (26.04–38.89) | 99.30 | ||
| Americas | 8 | 30.48 (18.78–45.39) | 99.20 | ||
| Eastern Mediterranean | 4 | 37.74 (16.62–64.82) | 99.40 | ||
| Western Pacific | 45 | 26.34 (18.88–35.46) | 99.70 | ||
| South-East Asia | 2 | 17.16 (5.78–41.16) | 98.80 | ||
| Income classification | 0.81 | 0.667 | |||
| High-income | 26 | 30.03 (24.18–36.62) | 99.40 | ||
| Upper-middle-income | 45 | 27.26 (19.59–36.55) | 99.70 | ||
| Lower-middle-income | 5 | 36.07 (20.16–55.77) | 99.30 | ||
| Population | 0.87 | 0.928 | |||
| COVID-19 patients | 5 | 36.30 (8.86–76.96) | 98.90 | ||
| Suspected COVID-19 patients | 3 | 24.47 (17.00–33.89) | 75.80 | ||
| Healthcare workers | 26 | 29.22 (21.10–38.94) | 99.50 | ||
| General population | 39 | 27.13 (20.00–35.67) | 99.80 | ||
| Teachers/students | 4 | 29.39 (16.98–45.85) | 99.40 | ||
| Survey time after outbreak (week) | 1.05 | 0.304 | |||
| 1–4 | 35 | 31.49 (25.56–38.10) | 99.50 | ||
| ≥5 | 42 | 25.79 (18.17–35.23) | 99.70 | ||
| Sample size | 6.61 | 0.010 | |||
| 0–300 | 22 | 20.33 (15.86–25.68) | 91.80 | ||
| ≥301 | 55 | 32.08 (24.82–40.32) | 99.80 | ||
| Diagnosis assessment | 3.47 | 0.176 | |||
| IER | 42 | 33.43 (26.65–40.98) | 99.60 | ||
| PCL-C | 28 | 21.41 (13.44–32.34) | 99.70 | ||
| Others | 7 | 28.96 (21.62–37.59) | 98.00 | ||
| Quality score | 0.01 | 0.992 | |||
| 0–5 | 46 | 28.57 (21.80–36.45) | 99.70 | ||
| ≥6 | 31 | 28.00 (20.04–37.62) | 99.70 | ||
Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; PCL-C, The amended self-reported Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist-Civilian Version; WHO, World Health Organization.