Table 5.
Probiotics therapies in non-infectious diseases.
| Probiotics | Disease | Study models | Major finding | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| L. rhamnosus (MTCC5897) fermented milk (PFM) | Allergy | Mice | ↑ IgA+ cells in small intestine ↑ Goblet cells number ↓ Ovalbumin-specific antibodies (IgE, IgG, IgG1) ↓ Ratio of IgE/IgG2a and IgG1/IgG2a ↓ Allergic symptoms |
(304) |
| L. plantarum 06CC2 | Allergy | Mice | ↓ Ovalbumin-specific IgE ↓ Total IgE ↑ Antiallergic IL-4 and IFN-γ ↓ Allergic symptoms |
(305) |
| Bifidobacterium infantis CGMCC313-2 | Allergy | Mice | ↓ IL4, IL13 ↓ IgE, IgG1 ↓ Allergic symptoms |
(306) |
| Enterococcus faecalis FK-23 | Allergy | Mice | ↓ IL-17 ↓ CD4+ cells ↓ TH17 development ↓ Allergic symptoms |
(307) |
| Staphylococcus succinus 14BME20 | Allergy | Mice | ↓ IgE level in serum ↓ Inflammatory cells flux into lungs ↑ CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) ↑ DCs ↑ IL-10 |
(308) |
| Clostridium butyricum CGMCC0313 | Allergy | Mice | ↓β-lactoglobulin-mediated intestinal anaphylaxis Inverts the imbalance between Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells ↑ forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) Treg cells ↑ TGF-β and IL10 |
(309) |
| L. acidophilus KLDS 1.0738 | Allergy | Mice | ↓ Inflammatory cells ↓ IgE production ↓ IL6 levels ↓ Th17 response ↑ Treg cells, CD25, FOXP3 ↓ TGF-β |
(310) |
| L. fermentum MTCC: 5898-fermented milk | Cardiovascular | Mice | ↓ TNF-α and IL-6 ↓ Coronary artery risk index ↓ Atherogenic index ↓ Triacylglycerols, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hepatic lipids ↓ Lipid peroxidation |
(311) |
| L. rhamnosus MTCC: 5957 and L. rhamnosus MTCC: 5897 | Cardiovascular | Wistar rat | ↓ TNF-α and IL-6 ↓ hyperlipidemia ↓ Hepatic lipids ↓ Lipid peroxidation ↑ Antioxidant activities |
(312) |
| L. plantarum | Cardiovascular | Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of 653 participants | ↓ Diastolic and systolic blood pressure ↓ Total serum cholesterol ↓ Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels ↓ Atherosclerosis index ↓ Hepatocyte steatosis risk |
(313, 314) |
| L. fermentum CECT5716 and Bifidobacterium breve CECT7263 | Cardiovascular | Wistar Kyoto rats | ↓ Hypertensions ↓ Endothelial dysfunctioning ↓ Increased blood pressure |
(315) |
| L. rhamnosus GR-1 L. plantarum 299v | Cardiovascular | rats | ↓ Risk of myocardial infarction Improve ventricular function ↓ Infarct size ↓ levels of leptin |
(316, 317) |
| L. rhamnosus MTCC: 5957, L. rhamnosus MTCC: 5897, and L. fermentum MTCC: 5898 | Diabetes | Wistar rat | Improve glucose metabolism (fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, serum insulin) Improve serum inflammation status (TNF-α and IL-6) Improve serum lipid profile |
(318) |
| L. plantarum, L. helveticus, L. lactis, L. pentosus, L. paracasei, L. paracasei sbusp.tolerans, L. mucosae, L. rhamnosus, L. harbinensis, L. hilgardii, Issatchenkia orientalis, Candida ethanolica, Kluyveromyces marxianus, and Pichia membranifaciens | Diabetes | db/db mice and C57BL/KS | Prevent pancreatic cell apoptosis via upregulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and increase GATA like protein 1 (GLP1) production. GLP1 induces insulin secretion by upregulating the G protein-coupled receptor 43/41 (GPR43/41), proconvertase 1/3 and proglucagon activity | (319) |
| L. fermentum NCIMB | CNS | Mice | ↑ Ferulic acid ↓ Alzheimer's disease symptoms ↓ Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation |
(65) |
| L. reuteri | CNS | Mice | Behavioral improvement | (296) |
| L. rhamnosus JB-1 | CNS | Mice | ↓ Gamma aminobutyric acid receptor and corticosterone levels | (300) |
| L. rhamnosus, E. faecium, L. acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Bifidobacterium longum | Obesity | In vivo human trial | ↓ Low density lipoprotein cholesterol ↓ Total cholesterol ↓ Oxidative stress |
(320) |
| Bifidobacterium bifidum W23, Bifidobacterium lactis W51&W52, L. lactis W19&W58, L. brevis W63, L. casei W56, L. acidophilus W37, and L. salivarius W24 | Obesity | In vivo human trial | ↓ Homocysteine ↓ Triglyceride ↓ Total cholesterol ↓ TNF-α |
(321) |
| L. plantarum CBT LP3, Bifidobacterium breve CBT BR3 | Obesity | In vivo human trial | Reduced obesity marker | (320) |
| L. fermentum NCIMB 5221 | Obesity | – | ↑ Ferulic acid ↓ Obesity |
(65) |
| L. fermentum NCIMB | Cancer | AGS, HeLa, MCF-7, and HT-29 cells | ↓ Risk of cancer | (65) |
| L. casei | Cancer | Colonic epithelial cells and HT29 cells |
↓ Adenoma atypia ↓ DNA damage |
(322) |
| L. acidophilus | Cancer | Breast cancer mouse model | ↓ Tumor growth | (323) |