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. 2021 Apr 8;12:663950. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.663950

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Copyright © 2021 Xue, Allaband, Zhou, Poulsen, Martino, Jiang, Tripathi, Elijah, Dorrestein, Knight, Zarrinpar and Haddad.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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16S microbiome of ApoE^−/− mice on HFD during chronic 10-week treatment. (A) Weighted UniFrac PCoA of the microbiome during four key time points, each time point calculated in isolation. Longitudinal relative abundance values for (B) family Peptostreptococcaceae; (C) family Ruminococcaceae; and (D) family Erysipelotrichaceae. PERMANOVA used for statistical comparisons at the population level. Linear mixed effect (LME) modeling used for statistical comparisons of individual families over time. The shaded areas in parts (B–D) represent standard error of the mean. Air/controls are black (n = 6), IH is blue (n = 12), and IC is red (n = 12). Statistical significance p < 0.05, *IC vs. Air, ^#IH vs. Air, and ^$IH vs. IC.