Table 4.
Multivariable logistic regression for 30-day ventilator use, vasopressor use, and renal replacement therapy.
| Variables | VentilatorOR (95% CI) | p-value | H C | VasopressorOR (95% CI) | p-value | H C | Renal RTOR (95% CI) | p-value | H C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left ventricular | – | – | 0.88 0.70 | ||||||
| systolic function | |||||||||
| Normal | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Mildly reduced | 1.13 (0.47, 2.70) | 0.79 | 1.29 (0.56, 2.98) | 0.55 | 1.29 (0.51, 3.27) | 0.59 | |||
| Moderately reduced | 2.20 (0.57, 8.51) | 0.25 | 3.87 (0.93, 16.05) | 0.06 | 4.17 (1.12, 15.53) | 0.03 | |||
| Severely reduced | 0.78 (0.23, 2.68) | 0.70 | 1.27 (0.38, 4.26) | 0.70 | 3.44 (1.05, 11.27) | 0.04 | |||
| Left ventricular EDD | 0.98 (0.60, 1.61) | 0.95 | – | 1.06 (0.66, 1.70) | 0.81 | – | 1.08 (0.65, 1.78) | 0.77 | – |
| Right ventricular systolic function | 0.18 0.75 | 0.43 0.69 | 0.88 0.75 | ||||||
| Normal | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Mildly reduced | 1.55 (0.71, 3.35) | 0.27 | 2.26 (1.06, 4.85) | 0.04 | 3.11 (1.43, 6.74) | 0.004 | |||
| Moderate to severely reduced | 3.49 (1.08, 11.29) | 0.04 | 3.69 (1.19, 11.41) | 0.02 | 7.71 (2.56, 23.22) | <0.001 | |||
| Right ventricular size (enlarged) | 1.50 (0.79, 2.88) | 0.22 | – | 1.80 (0.96, 3.37) | 0.07 | – | 3.11 (1.58, 6.12) | 0.001 | 0.38 0.73 |
| Right ventricular S′ | 1.07 (0.96, 1.19) | 0.25 | – | 1.05 (0.95, 1.17) | 0.33 | – | 0.89 (0.79, 1.01) | 0.07 | – |
| Pulmonary hypertension (present) | 3.96 (1.33, 11.75) | 0.01 | 0.29 0.83 | 4.88 (1.69, 14.09) | 0.003 | 0.02 0.81 | 2.48 (0.85, 7.24) | 0.10 | – |
| LV diastolic function | – | – | – | ||||||
| Normal | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Grade 1 dysfunction | 1.12 (0.38, 3.30) | 0.83 | 0.89 (0.32, 2.52) | 0.83 | 1.02 (0.31, 3.30) | 0.98 | |||
| Grade 2 dysfunction | 0.67 (0.12, 3.66) | 0.64 | 0.47 (0.09, 2.48) | 0.47 | 1.58 (0.24, 10.34) | 0.63 | |||
| Grade 3 dysfunction | 0.51 (0.10, 2.53) | 0.41 | 0.62 (0.13, 2.92) | 0.54 | 2.14 (0.40, 11.48) | 0.37 | |||
| Mitral regurgitation | – | – | – | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Mild | 0.53 (0.24, 1.15) | 0.11 | 0.68 (0.32, 1.42) | 0.30 | 0.69 (0.29, 1.65) | 0.40 | |||
| Moderate to severe | 0.39 (0.13, 1.19) | 0.10 | 0.67 (0.24, 1.87) | 0.45 | 1.01 (0.32, 3.14) | 0.99 | |||
| Aortic regurgitation | – | – | – | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Mild | 0.70 (0.28, 1.76) | 0.45 | 0.67 (0.28, 1.64) | 0.38 | 0.70 (0.23, 2.09) | 0.52 | |||
| Moderate to severe | 0.41 (0.13, 1.27) | 0.12 | 1.05 (0.36, 3.09) | 0.93 | 0.69 (0.20, 2.37) | 0.56 | |||
| Tricuspid regurgitation | – | – | 0.64 0.74 | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Mild | 1.28 (0.64, 2.57) | 0.49 | 1.64 (0.84, 3.21) | 0.15 | 1.95 (0.90, 4.22) | 0.09 | |||
| Moderate to severe | 1.16 (0.52, 2.63) | 0.72 | 1.66 (0.75, 3.68) | 0.21 | 6.63 (2.58, 17.02) | <0.001 | |||
| Pulmonic regurgitation | – | – | – | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Mild | 0.49 (0.21, 1.13) | 0.09 | 0.58 (0.26, 1.30) | 0.19 | 1.67 (0.67, 4.15) | 0.27 | |||
| Moderate to severe | 0.68 (0.17, 2.69) | 0.59 | 0.66 (0.18, 2.49) | 0.54 | 2.98 (0.73, 12.16) | 0.13 | |||
| Left atrial volume index | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | 0.56 | – | 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) | 0.95 | – | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | 0.33 | – |
| Pericardial effusion (present) | 1.39 (0.52, 3.71) | 0.52 | – | 1.84 (0.71, 4.81) | 0.21 | – | 1.33 (0.48, 3.69) | 0.58 | – |
Note: All multivariable analyses adjust for age, sex, coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Analyses classifying all missing data for pulmonary hypertension as absence of pulmonary hypertension showed significantly increased odds for those with pulmonary hypertension for ventilator (OR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.17, 4.52, p = 0.02, H = 0.19, c = 0.75), vasopressor (OR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.34, 4.97, p = 0.01, H = 0.99, c = 0.70), renal replacement therapy (OR: 3.10, 95% CI: 1.55, 6.20, p = 0.001). OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; RT: replacement therapy; EDD: end diastolic dimension; H: Hosmer and Lemenshow goodness-of-fit test; C: C statistic.