Table 1.
Participant characteristics of the ESRD and HC groups
| ESRD group | HC group | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total ; n | 52 | 44 | ||
| Age groups; n (%) | 0.574 | |||
| ≤ 40 | 4 (7.7%) | 5 (11.4%) | ||
| 41–50 | 10 (19.2%) | 11 (25.0%) | ||
| 51–60 | 17 (32.7%) | 16 (36.4%) | ||
| ≥ 61 | 21 (40.4%) | 12 (27.2%) | ||
| Sex; n (%) | 0.548 | |||
| Male | 30 (57.7%) | 25 (56.8%) | ||
| Female | 22(42.3%) | 19 (43.2%) | ||
| Smoking history; n (%) | 0.462 | |||
| Yes | 15 (28.8%) | 14 (31.8%) | ||
| No | 37 (71.2%) | 30 (68.2%) | ||
| Toothbrushing frequency | 0.064 | |||
| ≤ 1 per day | 25 (48.1%) | 13 (29.5%) | ||
| ≥ 2 per day | 27 (51.9%) | 31 (70.5%) | ||
| Use of dental floss | 0.222 | |||
| Yes | 5 (9.6%) | 8 (18.2%) | ||
| No | 47 (90.4%) | 36 (81.8%) | ||
| Diabetes history*; n (%) | 0.019 | |||
| Yes | 13 (25.0%) | 3 (7.0%) | ||
| No | 39 (75.0%) | 40 (93.0%) | ||
| Hypertension history*; n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 40 (76.9%) | 10 (23.3%) | ||
| No | 12 (23.1%) | 33 (76.7%) | ||
| GBI (%), median (IQR) | 20.60 (17.86–23.68) | 14.29 (12.96–17.86) | 0.008 | |
| CI (%), median (IQR) | 10.79 (7.41–12.00) | 7.28 (3.70–10.71) | 0.013 | |
| PPD (mm), median (IQR) | 3.46 (3.33–3.62) | 3.32 (3.19–3.44) | 0.020 | |
ESRD, end-stage renal disease; HC, healthy controls; PPD, periodontal pocket depth; GBI, gingival bleeding index; CI, calculus index; IQR, interquartile range
*One missing value