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. 2021 Apr 13;23(6):448. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12087

Figure 5.

Figure 5.

Effects of HJ treatment on the activation of microglia and the expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in BTBR mice. (A) Micrograph representation of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus (CA1, CA3 and DG), and striatum stained for Iba-1 in vehicle-treated (vehicle), 200 mg/kg HJ-treated (HJ200) and 400 mg/kg HJ-treated (HJ400) BTBR mice. Quantification of positive area stained is represented for the cerebral cortex (Cx), hippocampus (CA1, CA3 and DG), and (B) striatum for Iba-1. Scale bar represents 200 µm in all images. (C and D) mRNA expression levels of cytokines following HJ treatment in the hippocampus of BTBR mice. Relative mRNA levels of (C) CCL2, (D) IL-1β, IL-6 and CXCL10 were measured using reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. *P<0.05 vs. indicated group. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. HJ, Humulus japonicus; CCL2, chemokine CC motif ligand 2; IL, interleukin.