Skip to main content
. 2021 Apr 21;78(7):1–11. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0350

Figure 2. Prevalence of Any Psychiatric Disorder in Children by Familial Depression Risk by Sex, Socioeconomic Status (SES), and Race/Ethnicity Reported by Parents and Children.

Figure 2.

Children were grouped into 4 risk categories, reflecting how many prior generations were affected with depression: (1) neither grandparents (generation 1 [G1]) nor parents (generation 2 [G2]; G1−/G2−), (2) only G1 (G1+/G2−), (3) only G2 (G1−/G2+), and (4) both G1 and G2 (G1+/G2+). A, By parent report, rates of any psychiatric disorder were lower in girls than boys, but both sexes showed increasing prevalence with increasing familial risk. B, By child report, sex did not moderate children’s prevalence rates. C, By parent report, SES did not moderate children’s prevalence rates. D, By child report, children in the low SES category had higher rates of any disorder than those in the medium or high SES categories, but there was no moderating effect of SES by familial risk. E, By parent report, race/ethnicity did not moderate children’s prevalence rates. F, By child report, Black children had higher rates of any disorder than White or Hispanic children, but there was no moderating effect of race/ethnicity by familial risk. The other race/ethnicity group was created because of low individual numbers. Error bars indicate 95% CIs.

aP < .05.