Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Author | Country | Design | Type | N | Age group (years) | % females | PA assessment | MH assessment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bauer et al. [11] | Germany | Cross-sectional | Preprint | 3,700 | Adults (M = 33.13) | 78.6 | BSA-F | PHQ-9; GAD-7 | |
| Callow et al. [26] | US | Cross-sectional | Peer-reviewed | 1,046 | Older adults (< 50) | 80 | PASE | GDS; GAS | |
| Chen et al. [27] | China | Cross-sectional | Peer-reviewed | 1,036 | Children/adolescents (R = 6–15) | 48.7 | NR | DSRS-C; SCARED | |
| Chen et al. [28] | Iran | Cross-sectional | Preprint | 474 | Adults (R = 20–70) | 51.3 | Single item (hours/day) | PHQ-2; GAD-2 | |
| Cheval et al. [29] | France, Switzerland | Longitudinal (retrospective and prospective) | peer-Reviewed | 110 | Adults (M = 43) | 68 | IPAQ | PROMIS (adapted questions for depression and anxiety) | |
| Deng et al. [30] | China | Cross-sectional | Peer-reviewed | 1,607 | Adolescents/young adults (NR) | 35.2 | Multiple items (duration, frequency) | DASS-21 | |
| Filgueiras and Stultz-Kolehmainen [32] | Brazil | Cross-sectional | Preprint | 1,460 | Adults (M = 32.9) | 72.87 | Single item (frequency) | FDI; SSTAI | |
| Filgueiras and Stultz-Kolehmainen [31] | Brazil | Longitudinal (prospective) | Preprint | 360 | Adults (M = 37.9) | 68.8 | Multiple items (frequency, type) | FDI; SSTAI | |
| Fu et al. [33] | China | Cross-sectional | Peer-reviewed | 1,242 | Adults (NR) | 69.7 | NR | PHQ-9; GAD-7 | |
| Fullana et al. [34] | Spain | Cross-sectional | Peer-reviewed | 5,545 | Adults (M = 47) | 73 | NR | PHQ-9; GAD-7 | |
| Jacob et al. [35] | UK | Cross-sectional | Peer-reviewed | 902 | Adults (NR) | 63.8 | Multiple items (duration/day, intensity) | BDI; BAI | |
| Khan et al. [36] | Bangladesh | Cross-sectional | Peer-reviewed | 505 | Adolescents/young adults | 37.3 | NR | DASS-21 | |
| Lebel et al. [37] | Canada | Cross-sectional | Peer-reviewed | 1,987 | Adults (M = 32.4) | 100 | Godin Shephard Leisure-Time Exercise Scale | EPDS; PROMIS anxiety | |
| Meyer et al. [7] | US | Longitudinal (retrospective) | Peer-reviewed | 3,052 | Adults (NR) | 62 | Multiple items (duration/day, intensity) | BDI; BAI | |
| Moreira et al. [38] | Portugal | Cross-sectional | Preprint | 1,280 | Adults (M = 37.1) | 79.8 | Single item (duration/day, intensity) | DASS-21 | |
| Planchuelo-Gómez et al. [39] | Spain | Cross-Sectional | PEER-reviewed | 1,056 | Adults (M = 32.1) | 67.6 | NR | DASS-21 | |
| Plomecka et al. [40] | Multiple (12 countries) | Cross-sectional | Preprint | 12,817 | Adults (NR) | 72.3 | NR | BDI | |
| Schuch et al. [8] | Brazil | Cross-sectional | Peer-reviewed | 937 | Adults (NR) | 72.3 | Multiple items (duration/day, intensity) | BDI; BAI | |
| Stanton et al. [41] | Australia | Cross-sectional | Peer-reviewed | 1,491 | Adults (M = 50.5) | 67 | AAS | DASS-21 | |
| Zhang et al. [42] | China | Longitudinal (prospective) | Peer-reviewed | 66 | Adolescents/adults (M = 20.7) | 62.1 | IPAQ | DASS-21 | |
| Zheng et al. [43] | China | Cross-sectional | Preprint | 1,620 | Children/adolescents (M = 10.1) | 47.8 | Single item (decrease since Covid) | DSRS-C; SASC | |
AAS Active Australia Survey, BASF-F The Physical Activity Exercise, and Sport Questionnaire, DASS-21 Depression and Anxiety Scale 21 items, DSRS-C Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children, EPDS Edinburgh Depression Scale, FDI Filgueira depression inventory, GAD-7 Generalized Anxiety Screener 7, GAS Geriatric Anxiety Scale, GDS Geriatric Depression Scale, IPAQ International Physical ACTIVITY Questionnaire, M mean, MH mental health, n number of participants, NR not reported, PA physical activity, PAVS physical activity vital sign, PASE Physical Activity Scale for the Eldery, PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire 9, PROMIS Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, R range, SASC Social Anxiety Scale for Children, SCARED Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders, SSTAI The Spielberg State and Trait Anxiety Inventory