Table 2.

Factors associated with the decrease in the incidence of depression in the recent cohort

	Incidence of depression (CES-D ⩾ 16)
	HRcohort	HRchange (%)	95% CI	p Value
Recent cohort (v. early), unadjusted	0.70		0.54–0.92	0.010
Recent cohort (v. early), age and sex-adjusted	0.71	Reference	0.54–0.92	0.011
Protective factors
Education	0.78	−9.9	0.59–1.02	0.069
Labour market participation	0.75	−5.6	0.65–0.86	0.032
Mastery	0.76	−7.0	0.58–0.99	0.049
Religious	0.71	0	0.54–0.93	0.011
Partner	0.71	0	0.54–0.93	0.013
Network size	0.72	−1.4	0.67–0.88	0.054
Exchange of social support
Instrumental support given	0.74	−4.2	0.57–0.96	0.027
Instrumental support received	0.71	0	0.62–0.81	0.011
Emotional support given	0.74	−4.2	0.56–0.97	0.028
Emotional support received	0.71	0	0.62–0.81	0.011
Physical performance	0.73	−2.8	0.56–0.96	0.023
Risk factors
Neuroticism	0.76	−7.0	0.58–0.99	0.046
Loneliness	0.71	0	0.62–0.81	0.012
Sleep problems	0.70a	+1.4	0.53–0.93	0.015
Pain	0.69a	+2.8	0.53–0.90	0.007
⩾One chronic disease	0.67a	+5.6	0.51–0.88	0.004
⩾One functional limitation	0.64a	+9.9	0.49–0.84	0.001
Body mass index	0.69a	+2.8	0.53–0.91	0.008
Physical activity	0.70a	+1.4	0.53–0.91	0.009
Alcohol use	0.68a	+4.2	0.52–0.90	0.007
Smoking	0.72	−1.4	0.55–0.95	0.018
Psychotropic medication
Antidepressant use	0.71	0	0.54–0.93	0.013
Benzodiazepine use	0.71	0	0.54–0.93	0.013

HR, hazard ratio; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale.

^aSuppressors.