Table 2.
Ultrasound derived cardiac function and structure parameters of lean and obese Zucker rats
| Treatment | ZLC | ZOC | ZOSV | ZOV | ZOH |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (6) | (10) | (11) | (11) | (10) | |
| Heart weight (mg) | 1147 ± 41 | 1429 ± 62* | 1392 ± 67*§ | 1302 ± 35*§ | 1639 ± 50* |
| HW/TL (mg mm−1) | 10.5 ± 0.3 | 18.1 ± 0.5* | 16.8 ± 0.7*§ | 17.3 ± 0.4§ | 15.8 ± 0.6* |
| Systolic parameters | (6) | (6) | (6) | (7) | (6) |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 69 ± 3 | 76 ± 2 | 81 ± 2* | 80 ± 2* | 80 ± 4* |
| Cardiac output (ml min−1) | 190 ± 23 | 270 ± 29 | 281 ± 24* | 260 ± 19§ | 342 ± 36* |
| Stroke volume (µl) | 504 ± 52 | 762 ± 90 | 828 ± 74* | 768 ± 54 | 874 ± 111* |
| IVCT (ms) | 12.5 ± 0.9 | 15.5 ± 0.6 | 11.7 ± 1.3† | 13.7 ± 1.9 | 13.5 ± 2.9 |
| s’ (mm sec−1) | 58 ± 1 | 42 ± 3* | 41 ± 1* | 43 ± 3* | 48 ± 6 |
| Diastolic parameters | (6) | (6) | (6) | (7) | (6) |
| E, (mm sec−1) | 888 ± 56 | 1117 ± 126 | 894 ± 53 | 1095 ± 63 | 1091 ± 60 |
| A, (mm sec−1) late | 886 ± 36 | 1036 ± 127 | 814 ± 70 | 973 ± 54 | 1098 ± 127 |
| E/A ratio | 1.00 ± 0.04 | 1.07 ± 0.08 | 1.12 ± 0.06 | 1.15 ± 0.11 | 1.03 ± 0.11 |
| e’, (mm sec−1) | 94 ± 7 | 52 ± 6* | 55 ± 7* | 56 ± 8* | 76 ± 10 |
| a’, (mm sec−1) | 76 ± 4 | 69 ± 10 | 51 ± 3*§ | 76 ± 6‡ | 68 ± 4‡ |
| e’/a’ ratio | 1.23 ± 0.03 | 0.76 ± 0.05* | 1.08 ± 0.12† | 0.75 ± 0.08*‡§ | 1.12 ± 0.13† |
| E/e’ (LV filling pressure) | 10.3 ± 0.7 | 22.7 ± 2.6* | 17.1 ± 1.5 | 20.9 ± 2.4* | 15.5 ± 2.6 |
| Diastolic stiffness (E/e’/LVIDd) | 1.16 ± 0.13 | 2.68 ± 0.29* | 2.09 ± 0.22* | 2.51 ± 0.30*§ | 1.67 ± 0.25† |
| IVRT (ms) | 17.5 ± 0.7 | 25.8 ± 1.4* | 21.3 ± 0.7*† | 20.3 ± 0.6*† | 18.4 ± 1.8† |
| Ejection Time (ms) | 64.7 ± 2.4 | 71.1 ± 1.7 | 68.4 ± 1.8 | 66.5 ± 3.1 | 60.4 ± 2.0 |
| LVETI | 702 ± 13 | 685 ± 17 | 650 ± 12* | 716 ± 32 | 679 ± 27 |
| MPI | 0.47 ± 0.03 | 0.58 ± 0.01* | 0.49 ± 0.03† | 0.52 ± 0.04 | 0.52 ± 0.06 |
| Structural parameters | (6) | (6) | (6) | (7) | (6) |
| LA/Ao ratio | 0.95 ± 0.05 | 1.38 ± 0.11* | 1.23 ± 0.10* | 1.28 ± 0.03* | 1.35 ± 0.05* |
| LV Mass (mg) | 863 ± 35 | 1067 ± 19* | 1104 ± 73*§ | 976 ± 45§ | 1340 ± 64*† |
| AWTd (mm) | 1.60 ± 0.07 | 2.07 ± 0.05* | 2.07 ± 0.16* | 1.87 ± 0.07 | 2.03 ± 0.08* |
| PWTd (mm) | 1.68 ± 0.06 | 1.83 ± 0.11 | 2.04 ± 0.16* | 1.81 ± 0.10 | 2.08 ± 0.05* |
| Relative wall thickness | 0.38 ± 0.02 | 0.46 ± 0.03* | 0.50 ± 0.04* | 0.44 ± 0.02* | 0.45 ± 0.02* |
| LVIDd (mm) | 8.71 ± 0.25 | 8.45 ± 0.21 | 8.26 ± 0.17§ | 8.32 ± 0.14§ | 9.22 ± 0.26† |
| LVIDs (mm) | 5.24 ± 0.29 | 4.44 ± 0.16* | 3.99 ± 0.26* | 4.09 ± 0.23* | 4.55 ± 0.47 |
Values are mean ± SE, (sample sizes shown in parentheses). *p < 0.05 vs ZLC; †p < 0.05 vs ZOC; §p < 0.05 vs ZOH; ‡p < 0.05 vs ZOL. HW Heart weight, tibia length tibia length, LV left ventricle, e’ early septal wall velocity during diastole, a’ late septal wall velocity during diastole, s’ peak septal wall velocity during systole, E early mitral flow velocity, A late mitral flow velocity, E/E’ LV filling pressure, IVRT isovolumic relaxation time, IVCT isovolumic contraction time, MPI myocardial performance index, LVETI LV ejection time index, LA left atrium diameter, Ao aorta diameter, AWTd anterior wall thickness at end diastole, PWTd posterior wall thickness at end diastole, LVIDd LV inner diameter at end diastole, LVIDs LV inner diameter at end systole