Table 1.
Twelve month treatment of mental disorders, overall and within separate service sectors among WMH respondents with 12 month DSM-IV/CIDI disorders, by survey in the PAHO region (n = 6710)
| No. of respondents with disorder | Psychiatrist | Other mental health specialist | Any mental health specialist | General medical | Any health care | Human services | CAM | Any service use | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group of disorders | Survey | Unweighted n | Unweighted n | % (s.e.) | Unweighted n | % (s.e.) | Unweighted n | % (s.e.) | Unweighted n | % (s.e.) | Unweighted n | % (s.e.) | Unweighted n | % (s.e.) | Unweighted n | % (s.e.) | Unweighted n | % (s.e.) |
| Anxiety disorders | ||||||||||||||||||
| Argentina | 363 | 44 | 8.7 (1.9) | 61 | 16.1 (2.8) | 82 | 19.2 (2.8) | 56 | 14.1 (2.2) | 119 | 29.6 (3.3) | 7 | 1.0 (0.3) | 7 | 1.2 (0.6) | 124 | 30.6 (3.3) | |
| Brazil | 797 | 109 | 11.3 (1.2) | 65 | 7.7 (0.9) | 143 | 15.6 (1.2) | 83 | 8.1 (1.3) | 206 | 21.1 (1.6) | 27 | 3.1 (0.7) | 30 | 4.0 (0.9) | 227 | 23.5 (1.6) | |
| Colombia | 584 | 20 | 2.7 (0.9) | 37 | 4.6 (1.1) | 51 | 6.9 (1.4) | 36 | 5.9 (1.1) | 83 | 12.4 (1.8) | 4 | – | 5 | 0.7 (0.4) | 88 | 13.2 (1.9) | |
| Medellin Colombia | 386 | 27 | 5.8 (1.2) | 29 | 6.8 (1.5) | 48 | 10.8 (1.7) | 34 | 8.9 (1.9) | 76 | 18.2 (2.3) | 6 | 1.8 (0.8) | 8 | 0.8 (0.3) | 85 | 19.6 (2.4) | |
| Mexico | 447 | 17 | 3.5 (1.0) | 30 | 6.6 (1.3) | 42 | 9.0 (1.7) | 34 | 5.8 (1.3) | 71 | 13.8 (2.2) | 4 | – | 11 | 3.3 (1.3) | 79 | 16.0 (2.5) | |
| Peru | 249 | 14 | 4.4 (1.1) | 13 | 4.3 (1.5) | 26 | 8.5 (2.1) | 15 | 5.6 (1.8) | 41 | 14.1 (2.9) | 9 | 3.7 (1.1) | 9 | 2.8 (0.9) | 53 | 18.8 (3.6) | |
| United States | 1744 | 234 | 13.4 (1.0) | 294 | 16.4 (1.0) | 402 | 22.3 (1.2) | 421 | 23.9 (1.0) | 667 | 37.3 (1.3) | 145 | 8.2 (0.8) | 134 | 7.2 (0.7) | 765 | 42.6 (1.1) | |
| Overall | 4570 | 465 | 9.5 (0.5) | 529 | 11.1 (0.5) | 794 | 16.2 (0.7) | 679 | 14.3 (0.6) | 1263 | 26.0 (0.8) | 202 | 4.5 (0.4) | 204 | 4.3 (0.4) | 1421 | 29.3 (0.8) | |
| Mood disorders | ||||||||||||||||||
| Argentina | 261 | 43 | 11.2 (2.3) | 54 | 21.2 (3.2) | 78 | 26.9 (3.2) | 26 | 9.4 (2.0) | 94 | 32.6 (4.2) | 7 | 2.0 (0.9) | 6 | 2.5 (1.2) | 101 | 35.5 (4.2) | |
| Brazil | 570 | 104 | 16.7 (1.9) | 60 | 10.5 (1.7) | 134 | 22.6 (2.4) | 77 | 14.9 (1.5) | 188 | 32.1 (1.9) | 32 | 6.6 (1.6) | 27 | 4.5 (1.0) | 214 | 36.6 (2.2) | |
| Colombia | 309 | 20 | 7.7 (2.3) | 26 | 7.2 (1.9) | 42 | 14.2 (3.0) | 29 | 7.6 (1.8) | 65 | 20.5 (3.5) | 5 | – | 2 | – | 69 | 21.7 (3.5) | |
| Medellin Colombia | 177 | 17 | 8.4 (2.3) | 23 | 12.8 (2.8) | 32 | 17.1 (3.1) | 13 | 7.2 (2.1) | 43 | 22.9 (3.7) | 6 | – | 5 | 1.3 (0.6) | 49 | 25.5 (3.8) | |
| Mexico | 298 | 12 | 4.3 (1.6) | 27 | 8.3 (1.6) | 38 | 12.3 (2.2) | 36 | 9.4 (1.5) | 70 | 20.5 (2.4) | 6 | 1.1 (0.5) | 12 | 4.3 (1.5) | 83 | 24.2 (2.6) | |
| Peru | 131 | 9 | 6.3 (2.2) | 16 | 11.4 (3.4) | 22 | 15.8 (3.8) | 13 | 10.4 (2.6) | 34 | 25.4 (3.6) | 4 | – | 7 | 4.9 (1.8) | 39 | 28.8 (4.1) | |
| United States | 922 | 189 | 20.5 (1.3) | 218 | 23.8 (1.5) | 299 | 32.4 (1.3) | 290 | 32.8 (1.9) | 461 | 50.6 (2.0) | 104 | 10.8 (1.2) | 93 | 9.9 (1.3) | 516 | 56.1 (1.9) | |
| Overall | 2668 | 394 | 14.8 (0.8) | 424 | 16.1 (0.9) | 645 | 24.3 (1.0) | 484 | 19.4 (1.1) | 955 | 36.2 (1.3) | 164 | 6.6 (0.7) | 152 | 5.8 (0.6) | 1071 | 40.4 (1.3) | |
| Substance use disorders | ||||||||||||||||||
| Argentina | 73 | 11 | 7.7 (3.4) | 7 | 10.6 (3.7) | 15 | 14.8 (4.3) | 6 | – | 20 | 20.6 (5.7) | 2 | – | 2 | – | 21 | 22.1 (5.8) | |
| Brazil | 164 | 18 | 9.4 (2.7) | 16 | 10.2 (3.6) | 27 | 15.9 (4.3) | 10 | 5.1 (1.9) | 30 | 17.5 (4.4) | 3 | – | 8 | 5.6 (2.3) | 32 | 19.4 (4.6) | |
| Colombia | 90 | 6 | 3.4 (1.7) | 4 | – | 9 | 4.9 (2.0) | 2 | – | 11 | 7.4 (2.8) | 0 | 0 (0) | 2 | – | 12 | 8.0 (3.1) | |
| Medellin Colombia | 85 | 5 | 3.9 (2.0) | 7 | 7.9 (3.3) | 10 | 9.7 (3.5) | 2 | – | 12 | 10.5 (3.5) | 1 | – | 5 | – | 15 | 11.8 (3.8) | |
| Mexico | 80 | 5 | – | 8 | 6.8 (3.0) | 12 | 14.0 (4.8) | 4 | – | 15 | 16.2 (4.7) | 0 | 0 (0) | 5 | – | 19 | 18.6 (4.8) | |
| Peru | 50 | 3 | – | 2 | – | 5 | 9.1 (4.5) | 0 | 0 (0) | 5 | 9.1 (4.5) | 0 | 0 (0) | 2 | – | 7 | 11.7 (5.1) | |
| United States | 314 | 46 | 13.2 (1.4) | 68 | 20.6 (2.3) | 85 | 25.6 (1.9) | 67 | 20.0 (2.1) | 118 | 35.8 (2.7) | 21 | 7.0 (1.8) | 29 | 7.6 (1.7) | 132 | 39.6 (2.7) | |
| Overall | 856 | 94 | 9.0 (0.9) | 112 | 12.4 (1.4) | 163 | 17.0 (1.4) | 91 | 9.5 (1.2) | 211 | 22.1 (1.8) | 27 | 3.2 (0.8) | 53 | 5.0 (0.8) | 238 | 24.6 (1.9) | |
| Externalised disorders | ||||||||||||||||||
| Argentina | 41 | 7 | 12.9 (6.0) | 5 | – | 9 | 20.8 (9.6) | 6 | 11.1 (5.5) | 13 | 27.4 (8.4) | 5 | 9.9 (4.6) | 1 | – | 15 | 30.6 (8.8) | |
| Brazil | 217 | 19 | 5.8 (1.7) | 18 | 8.6 (2.4) | 28 | 10.9 (2.6) | 22 | 8.3 (1.9) | 43 | 16.7 (3.5) | 6 | 2.1 (0.9) | 11 | 5.2 (1.9) | 50 | 20.5 (3.7) | |
| Colombia | 147 | 11 | 5.3 (1.7) | 9 | 4.8 (1.9) | 18 | 9.8 (2.2) | 11 | 5.2 (2.0) | 26 | 14.0 (3.1) | 2 | – | 1 | – | 28 | 14.5 (3.1) | |
| Medellin Colombia | 59 | 5 | – | 3 | – | 7 | 8.8 (3.6) | 3 | – | 10 | 13.5 (4.9) | 0 | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 (0) | 10 | 13.5 (4.9) | |
| Mexico | 88 | 3 | – | 7 | 8.0 (4.0) | 10 | 10.1 (4.2) | 7 | 5.2 (2.3) | 16 | 14.1 (4.4) | 0 | 0 (0) | 3 | – | 18 | 15.0 (4.5) | |
| Peru | 81 | 3 | – | 16 | 21.8 (6.2) | 17 | 22.7 (6.4) | 1 | – | 18 | 23.5 (6.6) | 3 | – | 4 | – | 20 | 25.4 (6.6) | |
| United States | 659 | 75 | 11.2 (1.4) | 106 | 15.5 (1.6) | 138 | 20.4 (1.9) | 128 | 18.8 (2.2) | 214 | 31.6 (1.9) | 52 | 8.8 (1.9) | 42 | 5.7 (1.0) | 253 | 37.6 (2.1) | |
| Overall | 1292 | 123 | 8.3 (0.9) | 164 | 12.5 (1.1) | 227 | 16.6 (1.3) | 178 | 12.7 (1.3) | 340 | 24.5 (1.4) | 68 | 5.5 (1.1) | 62 | 4.3 (0.6) | 394 | 28.7 (1.5) | |
| Any disorder | ||||||||||||||||||
| Argentina | 568 | 66 | 7.9 (1.5) | 87 | 14.3 (2.4) | 124 | 18.0 (2.5) | 71 | 11.1 (1.8) | 171 | 26.1 (3.2) | 14 | 1.6 (0.5) | 10 | 1.6 (0.4) | 182 | 27.7 (3.2) | |
| Brazil | 1248 | 153 | 10.1 (0.9) | 99 | 7.7 (0.7) | 206 | 14.8 (1.0) | 124 | 8.3 (0.8) | 296 | 20.3 (1.2) | 43 | 3.2 (0.7) | 42 | 3.3 (0.6) | 332 | 22.9 (0.9) | |
| Colombia | 847 | 32 | 3.4 (0.8) | 52 | 4.5 (0.8) | 76 | 7.3 (1.1) | 54 | 5.5 (0.9) | 123 | 12.4 (1.5) | 8 | – | 5 | 0.5 (0.2) | 131 | 13.1 (1.5) | |
| Medellin Colombia | 530 | 36 | 5.2 (0.9) | 47 | 8.1 (1.4) | 70 | 11.3 (1.5) | 39 | 6.9 (1.4) | 103 | 17.2 (1.9) | 8 | 1.4 (0.6) | 12 | 1.6 (0.6) | 113 | 18.4 (2.0) | |
| Mexico | 695 | 27 | 4.0 (0.8) | 52 | 7.0 (1.2) | 74 | 10.3 (1.5) | 58 | 5.9 (1.0) | 124 | 15.2 (1.6) | 7 | 0.5 (0.2) | 20 | 2.8 (0.9) | 142 | 17.5 (1.7) | |
| Peru | 391 | 23 | 4.4 (0.7) | 29 | 7.8 (2.1) | 49 | 11.7 (2.2) | 21 | 4.8 (1.3) | 69 | 16.3 (2.7) | 11 | 3.1 (1.1) | 14 | 2.7 (0.8) | 83 | 19.5 (3.1) | |
| United States | 2431 | 296 | 11.6 (0.7) | 391 | 15.5 (0.8) | 532 | 20.8 (0.9) | 547 | 21.8 (0.8) | 880 | 34.7 (1.0) | 192 | 7.8 (0.8) | 172 | 6.5 (0.6) | 1008 | 39.7 (0.9) | |
| Overall | 6710 | 633 | 8.5 (0.4) | 757 | 10.8 (0.5) | 1131 | 15.6 (0.5) | 914 | 12.9 (0.5) | 1766 | 24.4 (0.6) | 283 | 4.2 (0.4) | 275 | 3.9 (0.3) | 1991 | 27.6 (0.7) | |
WMH, World Mental Health; CIDI, Composite International Diagnostic Interview; s.e., standard error.
–– Percentage less than twice the s.e. or sample size < 30
Analyses performed on the part II sample.
Anxiety disorders: panic disorder and/or agoraphobia, specific phobia, social phobia, generalised anxiety disorder, adult separation anxiety disorder and PTSD. Mood disorders: major depressive disorder/dysthymia and bipolar broad. Substance use disorders: alcohol and drug abuse/dependence. Externalised disorders: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and intermittent explosive disorder.
Intermittent explosive disorder was not assessed in Mexico and Medellin and was coded as zero.
Imputed variables for alcohol and drug dependence were used for Colombia, Mexico, Peru and the U.S.
Lifetime ADHD was used in all countries and was coded as zero for those with age > 45 in Colombia, Mexico, Peru and the U.S.