Table 5.
Socio-demographic predictors for adequacy of treatment (light definition) among WMH respondents with 12 month DSM-IV/CIDI disorders in the WMH-PAHO surveys, country effect v. overall effect
| Variable | Overall (n = 6710) | Argentina (n = 568) | Brazil (n = 1248) | Colombia (n = 847) | Medellin, Colombia (n = 530) | Mexico (n = 695) | Peru (n = 391) | United States (n = 2431) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aORa | (95% CI) | aORa | (95% CI) | aORa | (95% CI) | aORa | (95% CI) | aORa | (95% CI) | aORa | (95% CI) | aORa | (95% CI) | aORa | (95% CI) | |
| Sex | ||||||||||||||||
| Female | 1.1 | (0.9–1.5) | 0.9 | (0.5–1.7) | 1.1 | (0.7–1.7) | 0.9 | (0.4–1.7) | 0.8 | (0.4–1.5) | 0.9 | (0.5–1.7) | 1.0 | (0.4–2.5) | 1.5* | (1.1–2.0) |
| Male | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – |
| χ21 (p-value) | 1.0 (0.320) | 0.0 (0.842) | 0.2 (0.655) | 0.2 (0.635) | 0.4 (0.535) | 0.0 (0.856) | 0.0 (0.975) | 7.0* (0.008) | ||||||||
| Age | ||||||||||||||||
| Age 18–34 | 0.6 | (0.3–1.3) | 0.2* | (0.0–0.7) | 2.2 | (0.7–6.9) | 0.9 | (0.4–2.5) | 1.9 | (0.7–5.3) | 0.6 | (0.1–4.1) | 1.5 | (0.1–24.1) | 1.7 | (0.7–4.1) |
| Age 35–49 | 0.9 | (0.4–1.9) | 0.4 | (0.1–1.6) | 2.2 | (0.8–6.4) | 0.6 | (0.2–1.5) | 1.1 | (0.5–2.3) | 1.0 | (0.1–7.7) | 0.9 | (0.1–13.0) | 1.8 | (0.8–4.3) |
| Age 50–64 | 1.2 | (0.5–2.7) | 0.5 | (0.1–1.7) | 2.3 | (0.8–6.4) | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 0.9 | (0.1–5.8) | 0.8 | (0.0–13.7) | 1.4 | (0.6–3.2) |
| Age ⩾65 | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – |
| χ22–3 (p-value) | 17.9* (<0.001) | 12.5* (0.006) | 2.4 (0.496) | 1.6 (0.441) | 2.2 (0.336) | 5.2 (0.155) | 2.0 (0.575) | 3.0 (0.389) | ||||||||
| Education | ||||||||||||||||
| Low | 0.6* | (0.4–0.9) | 0.3* | (0.1–0.7) | 1.0 | (0.5–2.0) | 0.8 | (0.3–1.9) | 1.1 | (0.2–5.6) | 0.8 | (0.3–1.9) | 2.7 | (0.7–10.5) | 1.8* | (1.1–3.0) |
| Low average | 0.6* | (0.4–0.8) | 0.5 | (0.3–1.1) | 1.0 | (0.5–2.2) | 1.3 | (0.6–2.9) | 1.2 | (0.5–3.1) | 0.6 | (0.3–1.5) | – | – | 1.8* | (1.2–2.8) |
| High average | 0.7* | (0.5–0.9) | 0.5* | (0.3–1.0) | 1.3 | (0.7–2.5) | 0.8 | (0.3–2.0) | 0.8 | (0.4–1.6) | 0.9 | (0.4–1.8) | 1.6 | (0.9–2.8) | 1.5* | (1.1–2.2) |
| High | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – |
| χ22–3 (p-value) | 11.5* (0.009) | 16.6* (<0.001) | 1.3 (0.717) | 1.3 (0.718) | 1.7 (0.630) | 1.1 (0.766) | 3.6 (0.168) | 9.6* (0.023) | ||||||||
| Marital status | ||||||||||||||||
| Married-cohabitating | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – |
| Previously married | 1.3 | (1.0–1.7) | 0.6 | (0.4–1.2) | 0.7 | (0.4–1.0) | 1.0 | (0.4–2.5) | 2.3* | (1.1–4.9) | 0.9 | (0.5–1.8) | 1.0 | (0.4–2.2) | 1.1 | (0.8–1.6) |
| Never married | 1.2 | (0.9–1.6) | 1.6 | (0.8–3.1) | 0.7 | (0.5–1.2) | 0.8 | (0.4–1.8) | 0.6 | (0.3–1.3) | 2.2* | (1.1–4.4) | 0.8 | (0.4–1.6) | 1.0 | (0.7–1.5) |
| χ22 (p-value) | 4.9 (0.085) | 5.2 (0.073) | 4.4 (0.108) | 0.3 (0.881) | 10.5* (0.005) | 6.4* (0.041) | 0.5 (0.760) | 0.3 (0.882) | ||||||||
| Income | ||||||||||||||||
| Low | 0.7* | (0.5–0.9) | 0.7 | (0.3–1.6) | 1.6 | (0.9–2.7) | 0.7 | (0.3–1.6) | 1.1 | (0.6–2.3) | 1.8 | (0.8–4.3) | 0.5* | (0.3–0.9) | 1.2 | (0.8–1.7) |
| Low average | 0.6* | (0.5–0.9) | 1.2 | (0.5–2.9) | 1.6 | (0.9–2.6) | 0.4* | (0.2–0.8) | 1.0 | (0.4–2.4) | 1.7 | (0.8–3.6) | 0.7 | (0.3–1.7) | 1.2 | (0.8–1.8) |
| High average | 0.7* | (0.5–0.9) | 1.5 | (0.6–3.6) | 1.6 | (0.9–2.9) | 0.5 | (0.2–1.1) | 0.9 | (0.4–2.0) | 1.9 | (0.8–4.7) | 0.4 | (0.2–1.1) | 1.2 | (0.8–1.8) |
| High | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – |
| χ23 (p-value) | 11.7* (0.009) | 4.3 (0.234) | 4.1 (0.256) | 7.8 (0.051) | 0.4 (0.931) | 3.0 (0.396) | 7.4 (0.060) | 1.5 (0.682) | ||||||||
Note: each row shows a separate logistic regression model with 12 month service use as the outcome variable, controlling for the other predictor variables (rows), survey and all predictor-by-survey interaction dummies. The second column shows the overall adjusted predictor variable effect; the survey columns show to what extent the survey-specific adjusted predictor variable effect deviates from the overall adjusted predictor variable effect. For example, the survey-specific effect for females (v. males) in the U.S. can be obtained by multiplying the aOR = 1.1 (the overall effect) by the aOR = 1.5 (the country-specific deviation), i.e., aOR = 1.65.
Reference categories are denoted as 1.0. Age groups 50–64 and 65+ were collapsed for Colombia and Medellin, Colombia. The low average category for Peru was excluded due to cells with zero-count.
The degrees of freedom for each chi-square test are based on the number of groups available in each main category.
Models include controls for groups of 12 month DSM-IV/WMH CIDI disorders (any anxiety, any mood, any substance and any externalised).
Intermittent explosive disorder was not assessed in Mexico and Medellin and was coded as zero. Imputed variables for alcohol and drug dependence were used for Colombia, Mexico, Peru and the U.S. Lifetime ADHD was used in all countries, and was coded as zero for those with age > 45 in Colombia, Mexico, Peru and the U.S.
Data are given as adjusted odd ratios (95% confidence interval) unless otherwise indicated.
*Significant at p = 0.05, two-sided test.