Table 2.
Sample characteristics stratified by heart disease status
| Participants who did not develop heart disease N = 31 018 |
Participants who developed heart disease N = 2448 |
|
|---|---|---|
| Age (Mean, SD) | 52.7 (7.8) | 56.4 (7.8) |
| Sex | ||
| Female, % (n) | 58.1 (18 015) | 44.6 (1092) |
| Education | ||
| Less than high school | ||
| High school, % (n) | 20.1 (6201) | 26.0 (633) |
| College/graduate studies/ university, %(n) | 79.9 (24 696) | 74.0 (1801) |
| Ethnicity | ||
| White, % (n) | 88.6 (27 243) | 90.2 (2183) |
| Smoking | ||
| Current/occasional smoker, % (n) | 16.5 (5106) | 19.1 (465) |
| Former smoker, % (n) | 39.0 (12 042) | 44.1 (1076) |
| Never smoker, % (n) | 44.5 (13 772) | 36.9 (900) |
| Alcohol | ||
| Daily alcohol consumption, % (n) | 11.2 (3459) | 12.7 (310) |
| Physical activity | ||
| No moderate/vigorous activity, % (n) | 19.3 (5101) | 19.0 (380) |
| Diagnosed high blood pressure, % (n) | 14.8 (4475) | 28.6 (645) |
| Treated high blood pressure, % (n) | 11.8 (3527) | 24.4 (542) |
| Low cholesterol, % (n) | 34.4 (9987) | 43.5 (1025) |
| Diagnosed diabetes, % (n) | 6.6 (2034) | 13.0 (316) |
| Elevated depressive symptoms, % (n) | 15.7 (4868) | 19.2 (469) |
| Sleep disorder (previous 2 years), % (n) | 3.0 (928) | 4.4 (108) |
| Sleep duration | ||
| Long sleep duration (⩾9 h), % (n) | 9.6 (2974) | 12.1 (295) |
| Short sleep duration (⩽6 h), % (n) | 19.9 (6166) | 21.9 (536) |