Table 2.
Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for associations between prolonged grief disorder and pre-migration and post-migration stressors (controlling for age, gender, marital status and time since arriving in Australia)
| Participants (N = 1245 [1302]) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PGD (n = 75 [99]) | No PGD (n = 1171 [1203]) | ||||||
| N | % | N | % | AOR | 95% CI | p | |
| Combat exposure | 43 | 62.2 | 417 | 48.5 | 1.69 | 1.04–2.74 | 0.0348 |
| Extreme living conditions | 34 | 49.0 | 410 | 47.7 | 0.97 | 0.61–1.54 | 0.8921 |
| Serious injury | 20 | 28.4 | 169 | 19.7 | 1.60 | 0.95–2.67 | 0.0758 |
| Imprisonment | 21 | 30.6 | 189 | 22.0 | 1.61 | 0.96–2.68 | 0.0721 |
| Separation from family | 16 | 23.1 | 163 | 19.0 | 1.44 | 0.81–2.56 | 0.2111 |
| Murder/disappearance of family | 23 | 32.8 | 156 | 18.1 | 2.15 | 1.26–3.66 | 0.0052 |
| Murder/disappearance of a stranger | 24 | 34.1 | 218 | 25.3 | 1.49 | 0.87–2.55 | 0.1441 |
| Torture | 19 | 27.7 | 139 | 16.1 | 2.11 | 1.19–3.74 | 0.0105 |
| Gender-based violence | 14 | 20.4 | 130 | 15.1 | 1.34 | 0.67–2.67 | 0.4057 |
| N | M (S.E.) | N | M (S.E.) | ||||
| # of types of personal trauma | 69 | 3.73 (0.20) | 860 | 2.75 (0.07) | 1.21 | 1.11–1.32 | <0.0001 |
| # of post-migration stressors | 71 | 2.92(0.23) | 1133 | 2.46 (0.07) | 1.12 | 0.99–1.27 | 0.0629 |
For the trauma-exposure questions, after excluding ‘not applicable’ and missing, the weighted N = 930 (69 ‘PGD’ and 860 ‘No PGD’); for the ‘stressors’ variable the weighted N = 1204 (71 ‘PGD’ and 1133 ‘No PGD’).