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. 2021 Jan 18;12(2):403–420. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12662

Figure 4.

Figure 4

(i) Bone morphogenetic protein‐7 (BMP‐7) inhibits pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)‐6. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine the serum levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐6. Bar graphs represent elevated IL‐6 levels in (A) male mice, (B) female mice, and (C) both male and female mice of streptozotocin (STZ)‐administered mice, whereas BMP‐7 treatment potentially reduced the IL‐6 levels on D42. Error bars = mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). One‐way ANOVA and Tukey tests were performed to assess statistical significance. *P < 0.05 vs. control, #P < 0.05 and ##P < 0.01 vs. STZ, n = 12–14 (both males and females), n = 5–7 (male mice), and n = 6–7 (female mice). (ii) BMP‐7 treatment improves diabetes‐induced sarcopenia. Bar graph demonstrating the ratio of muscle weight‐to‐body weight (in grammes) was significantly decreased in STZ administered on D42. (A: Male mice; B: Female mice; C: Both male and female mice), whereas BMP‐7 treatment significantly increased the muscle mass. Error bars = mean ± SEM. One‐way ANOVA and Tukey tests were performed to assess statistical significance. *P < 0.05 and ***P < 0.001 vs. control, #P < 0.05 vs. STZ, n = 11–16 (both males and females), n = 5–7 (male mice), and n = 5–7 (female mice).