Table 2.

Incidence of cardiovascular disease and all‐cause mortality according to the severity of underweight

Outcomes	Body mass index	Events	Person‐years	Incidence rate (per 1000 person‐years)	Estimated hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)
					Model 1 a	Model 2 b	Model 3 c
Stroke	<16.0	348	106 440.4	3.3	1.10 (0.99–1.23)	1.24 (1.12–1.38)	1.38 (1.24–1.53)
	16.00–16.99	648	374 221.5	1.7	0.91 (0.84–0.98)	1.02 (0.94–1.10)	1.11 (1.02–1.20)
	17.00–18.49	2938	2 160 165.5	1.4	0.94 (0.90–0.97)	1.03 (0.99–1.07)	1.10 (1.06–1.15)
	18.50–22.99	42 794	27 522 854.5	1.6	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
Myocardial infarction	<16.00	255	106 808.0	2.4	1.46 (1.29–1.66)	1.65 (1.45–1.86)	1.86 (1.64–2.11)
	16.00–16.99	463	374 771.0	1.2	1.120 (1.02–1.23)	1.25 (1.14–1.38)	1.40 (1.27–1.53)
	17.00–18.49	1932	2 163 290.9	0.9	1.00 (0.96–1.05)	1.10 (1.05–1.15)	1.19 (1.14–1.25)
	18.50–22.99	27 424	27 567 781.9	1.0	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
All‐cause death	<16.00	2208	107 278.9	20.6	2.82 (2.70–2.94)	2.97 (2.85–3.10)	2.98 (2.85–3.11)
	16.00–16.99	3565	375 877.0	9.5	1.99 (1.94–2.06)	2.09 (2.02–2.16)	2.10 (2.02–2.17)
	17.00–18.49	12 136	2 168 088.5	5.6	1.56 (1.53–1.59)	1.63 (1.60–1.66)	1.63 (1.60–1.67)
	18.50–22.99	103 171	27 645 996.2	3.7	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)

^aModel 1: adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol drinking, physical activity, and income.

^bModel 2: adjusted for Model 1 + fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidaemia.

^cModel 3: adjusted for Model 2 + waist circumference.