Table 2.
Metabolites Associated with Global Cognitive Score at Baseline in the BPHRS in linear regression after FDR adjustment (N = 736)
| All participants |
Participants without diabetes |
Mediterranean diet score 5+ |
|||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HMDB | Metabolite | Super Pathway | Sub Pathway | βa | 95% CI | p | Adj-pb | βa | 95% CI | p | Adj-pb | βa | 95% CI | p | Adj-pb |
| Positively associated metabolites | |||||||||||||||
| HMDB02712 | 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) | Carbohydrate | Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and Pyruvate Metabolism | 0.078 | (0.041, 0.115) | 3.78*10−5 | 0.00587 | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| HMDB33844 | beta-cryptoxanthin | Cofactors and Vitamins | Vitamin A Metabolism | 0.079 | (0.040, 0.117) | 6.92*10−5 | 0.00859 | 0.11 | (0.062, 0.15) | 5.30*10−6 | 0.003 | – | – | – | |
| HMDB61696 | 1-stearoyl-GPI (18:0) | Lipid | Lysophospholipid | 0.108 | (0.053, 0.164) | 1.19*10−4 | 0.00921 | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Negatively-associated metabolites | |||||||||||||||
| HMDB00122 | glucose | Carbohydrate | Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and Pyruvate Metabolism | −0.159 | (−0.227, −0.091) | 6.06*10−6 | 0.00188 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| HMDB61684 | N-acetylisoleucine | Amino Acid | Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism | −0.125 | (−0.178, −0.072) | 3.78*10−6 | 0.00188 | – | – | – | – | −0.17 | (0.24, −0.10) | 3.62*10−6 | 0.002 |
| HMDB00169 | mannose | Carbohydrate | Fructose, Mannose and Galactose Metabolism | −0.140 | (−0.203, −0.078) | 1.17*10−5 | 0.00241 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| HMDB06409 | tyramine O-sulfate | Amino Acid | Tyrosine Metabolism | −0.066 | (−0.099 −0.033) | 1.11*10−4 | 0.00921 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| HMDB11756 | N-acetylleucine | Amino Acid | Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism | −0.112 | (−0.169, −0.056) | 1.11*10−4 | 0.00921 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| – | gamma-CEHC glucuronide* | Cofactors and Vitamins | Tocopherol Metabolism | −0.076 | (−0.115, −0.036) | 1.71*10−4 | 0.0118 | −0.094 | (−0.140, −0.047) | 7.78*10−5 | 0.024 | −0.099 | (−0.147, −0.050) | 6.49*10−5 | 0.020 |
| HMDB00854 | formiminoglutamate | Amino Acid | Histidine Metabolism | −0.090 | (−0.139, −0.042) | 2.81*10−4 | 0.0175 | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| HMDB00247 | mannitol/sorbitol | Carbohydrate | Fructose, Mannose and Galactose Metabolism | −0.071 | (−0.111, −0.031) | 5.59*10−4 | 0.0316 | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| HMDB00508 | ribitol | Carbohydrate | Pentose Metabolism | −0.108 | (−0.171, −0.046) | 7.12*10−4 | 0.0368 | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| HMDB01173 | 5-methylthioadenosine (MTA) | Amino Acid | Polyamine Metabolism | −0.113 | −(0.178, −0.047) | 7.81*10−4 | 0.0373 | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
a
beta coefficient from a regression of the metabolite on linear global cognitive score adjusted for age, sex, education (8th grade or below/9th–12th grade/high school or above), BMI (normal/overweight/obese), smoking (never/past/current), and APOE allele (presence or absence).
b
multiple-correction (FDR_adjusted) p-value from a regression of the metabolite on linear global cognitive score adjusted for age, sex, education (8th grade or below/9th–12th grade/high school or above),) and APOE allele (presence or absence).
*
Results are only presented with FDR adjusted p-value <0.05.