Table 1. Study demographics included in the analysis.
Rob2 = Revised Cochrane Risk-of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials; ROBINS-I = Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions; MCMS = Modified Coleman Methodology Score; BMI = body mass index; SD = standard deviation; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; CT = computed tomography; XR = x-ray; PRP = platelet-rich plasma; NR = not recorded; N/A = not applicable
| Study | Wu et al. 2017 [36] | Singla et al. 2017 [37] | Mohamed et al. 2018 [39] | Lopez et al. 2020 [38] | Bise et al. 2020 [40] | |||||
| Type of Study | Prospective randomized non-blinded controlled | Prospective randomized single-blinded controlled | Prospective non-randomized comparative cohort | Prospective randomized double-blinded controlled | Prospective non-randomized comparative cohort | |||||
| Level of Evidence | II | II | III | I | III | |||||
| Countries | China | India | Egypt | Spain | France | |||||
| Rob2 or ROBINS-I Risk of Bias | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate risk | Low risk | Moderate risk | |||||
| MCMS | 68 (Fair) | 80 (Good) | 62 (Fair) | 82 (Good) | 66 (Fair) | |||||
| Type of Spinal Pathology Studied | Lumbar facet arthropathy | Sacroiliac joint arthropathy | Sacroiliac joint arthropathy | Degenerative lumbar spondylosis | Degenerative lumbar radiculopathy | |||||
| Method of Diagnosis | Diagnostic intra-articular block | Imaging (XR, MRI or nuclear scan) + 3 or more positive provocative tests | One or more positive provocative tests | MRI or neurophysiological studies | MRI and physical exam findings | |||||
| Injection location | Lumbar facet joint(s) | Lumbar facet joint(s) | Sacroiliac joint | Sacroiliac joint | Sacroiliac joint | Sacroiliac joint | Epidural | Epidural | Epidural | Epidural |
| Dates of Cohort | NR | NR | 2013 - 2015 | NR | 2017-2018 | |||||
| Groups | PRP | Corticosteroid | PRP | Corticosteroid | PRP | Corticosteroid | PRP | Corticosteroid | PRP | Corticosteroid |
| Mixture injected | 0.5 mL PRP | 1 mL betamethasone (5 mg/mL) + 4 mL lidocaine (0.5%) | 3 mL PRP + 0.5 mL CaCl2 | 1.5 mL methyl-prednisolone (40 mg/mL) + 1.5 mL lidocaine (2%) | 3 mL PRP + 0.5 mL lidocaine | 2 mL methyl-prednisolone + 1 mL lidocaine | 16.5 mL PRP + 3.5 mL iohexol contrast | 20 mL triamcinolone (3 mg/mL) + 3.5 mL iohexol contrast | 2.5 mL PRP | 2.5 mL hydro-cortisone acetate (25 mg/mL) |
| Total injection amount per level (mL) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 20 | 23.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| Image-guidance injection technique | Fluoroscopic | Fluoroscopic | Ultrasound | Ultrasound | Fluoroscopic | Fluoroscopic | Fluoroscopic | Fluoroscopic | CT | CT |
| No. of Subjects | 23 | 23 | 20 | 20 | 16 | 30 | 25 | 25 | 30 | 30 |
| Age, mean ± SD | 52.9 ± 7.6 | 52.8 ± 7.3 | 25.2 ± 12.9 | 37.0 ± 10.9 | 38.0 | 68.0 ± 13.1 | 61.0 ± 12.6 | 59.0 ± 15.0 | 50.0 ± 16.0 | |
| Male, n (%) | 10 (43.5) | 9 (39.1) | 16 (80.0) | 16 (80.0) | 22 (48.8) | 11 (45.8) | 10 (40.0) | 18 (60) | 19 (63) | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 22.6 ± 1.4 | 22.4 ± 1.5 | 23.7 ± 2.5 | 22.4 ± 2.1 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 26.0 ± 4.0 | 25.0 ± 3.0 |
| Duration of pain (months), mean ± SD | 19.4 ± 12.3 | 16.7 ± 12.0 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 6.9 | 5.9 |
| Single level treated, n (%) | 5 (21.7) | 7 (30.4) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 30 (100.0) | 30 (100.0) |
| Multiple levels treated, n (%) | 18 (78.3) | 16 (69.6) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |