Figure 2.

Summary of quantitative findings of the association between different domains of disrespect and abuse and PNC utilisation, breastfeeding and postpartum depression. (1) Creanga et al;⁵¹ (2) Bishanga et al:⁵⁰ measures of effect were transformed from risk ratios to ORs; (3) Bandeira de Sà et al:⁵² measures of effect were transformed from prevalence ratio to OR; (4) Silveira et al.⁵³ *All domains were operationalised in the dichotomous form (yes/no). ¥p<0.005. ***Includes any procedure conducted against women’s will or without explaining the need to conduct it, such as episiotomy or medication to induce labour. EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.