Table 3. Neonatal characteristics and outcomes.
| Feature | Positive mother Positive neonate (N = 9) | Positive mother Negative neonate (N = 21) | Negative Mother Negative neonate (N = 9) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | ||||
| Gestational age at birth | 0.496 | |||
| <34 | 1 (11) | 1 (5) | 2 (22) | |
| 34–36 | 3 (33) | 4 (19) | 2 (22) | |
| >37 | 5 (56) | 16 (76) | 5 (56) | |
| Median, range, w | 38.2, 28–39.5 | 38.2, 29–41.6 | 37.1, 32.2–40.4 | |
| Missing data | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Birth weight | 0.340 | |||
| <1500 | 1 (11) | 1 (5) | 2 (22) | |
| 1500–2499 | 3 (33) | 3 (14) | 2 (22) | |
| >2500 | 5 (56) | 17 (81) | 5 (56) | |
| Median, range, g | 2850, 1050–4038 | 3170, 1050–3905 | 2696, 1275–3720 | |
| Missing data | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Birth weight for gestational age | 0.042* | |||
| Appropriate-for-gestational-age | 3 (33)a | 17 (81)b | 7 (78)a,b | |
| Small-for-gestational-age | 4 (44) | 4 (19) | 2 (22) | |
| Large-for-gestational-age | 2 (22) | 0 | 0 | |
| Missing data | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Sex | 0.682 | |||
| Female | 4 (50) | 11 (52) | 3 (8) | |
| Male | 4 (49) | 10 (48) | 6 (15) | |
| Undetermined | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Missing data | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Apgar at minute 1 | 0.896 | |||
| 1–3 | 0 | 1 (5) | 0 | |
| 4–6 | 2 (22) | 2 (9) | 1 (12) | |
| 7–9 | 7 (78) | 18 (86) | 7 (87) | |
| Missing data | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Apgar at minute 5: | 0.660 | |||
| 1–3 | 0 | 1 (5) | 0 | |
| 7–9 | 9 (100) | 20 (95) | 8 (100) | |
| Missing data | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Antenatal glucocorticoid | 3 (33) | 2 (9) | 2 (22) | 0.303 |
| Missing data | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Reanimation: | 0.168 | |||
| None | 4 (44) | 9 (43) | 1 (11) | |
| Oxygen | 1 (11) | 8 (38) | 5 (56) | |
| Oxygen+CPAP | 2 (22) | 1 (5) | 2 (22) | |
| Oxygen+Face mask ventilation+CPAP | 1 (11) | 3 (14) | 1 (11) | |
| Oxygen+Face mask ventilation+ETT ventilation | 1 (11) | 0 | 0 | |
| Missing data | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Surfactant | 1 (11) | 0 | 0 | Omitted |
| Missing data | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Admitted to NICU | 4 (44)a | 1 (5)b | 2 (22)a,b | 0.031* |
| Missing data | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Ventilation: | 0.224 | |||
| None | 6 (15) | 15 (71) | 4 (44) | |
| Oxygen | 0 | 4 (19) | 3 (33) | |
| Conventional mechanical ventilation | 1 (11) | 0 | 0 | |
| Continuous Positive Airway Pressure | 2 (22) | 2 (9) | 2 (22) | |
| High Frequency Ventilation | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Missing data | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Respiratory morbidities: | 0.024* | |||
| None | 6 (67)a,b | 20 (95)a | 5 (56)b | |
| Transitory Tachypnea | 0 | 0 | 1 (11) | |
| Respiratory Distress Syndrome | 2 (22) | 1 (5) | 2 (22) | |
| Tachypnea | 0 | 0 | 1 (11) | |
| Pulmonary Hypertension | 1 (11) | 0 | 0 | |
| Missing data | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Gastrointestinal morbidities: | Omitted | |||
| None | 8 (88) | 21 (100) | 9 (100) | |
| NEC | 1 (1) | 0 | 0 | |
| Missing data | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Malformations: | Omitted | |||
| CNS | 0 | 1 (5) | 0 | |
| Multiple (CNS, urogenital, cardiac) | 1 (11) | 1 (5) | 0 | |
| Missing data | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Days at hospital: | <0.001* | |||
| 1–2 | 5 (56)a,b | 18 (90)a | 4 (44)b | |
| 3–6 | 0 | 2 (10) | 3 (33) | |
| >7 | 4 (44)a | 0b | 0a,b | |
| Median, range, d | 2, 1–23 | 2, 0–3 | 2, 1–4 | |
| Missing data | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
| Final Outcome: | 0.702 | |||
| Discharged at home | 8 (89) | 18 (90) | 5 (55) | |
| Discharged to hospital | 0 | 1 (5) | 0 | |
| Still admitted | 0 | 1 | 2 (6) | |
| Died | 1 (11) | 1 (5) | 2 (6) | |
| Missing data | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Feeding at discharge: | 0.066 | |||
| Fasting | 0 | 1 (5) | 0 | |
| Human milk | 5 (62) | 12 (63) | 5 (71) | |
| Human milk + Formula | 3 (37)a | 0b | 1 (14)a,b | |
| Formula | 0 | 6 (32) | 1 (14) | |
| Missing data | 1 | 2 | 2 | |
Each subscript letter denotes a subset of pregnant women category whose column proportions do not differ significantly from each other at the P<0.05 level in crosstab analysis.
* P<0.05.