Table 4.

TXA in Breast Surgery

Authors	Journal and Year	Study Design	Study Group (Total No.)	Surgery Type	Administration Mode and Dosage	Main Clinical Outcome	Main Results	Complications Related to TXA
Oerli et al	British Journal of Surgery 1994	RCT	79 (160)	Mastectomy or lumpectomy with or without axillary clearance	IV: 1 g of TXA 3 times during 24 h and oral dose regimen until day 5	Drain fluid volumePostoperative complication	Reduction in the mean postoperative drainage volume (P = 0.01)Reduction in the mean hospital stay (P < 0.02)	Marked nausea, dizziness, and hypotension during bolus injection, which declined after diluting and lengthening infusion time
Knight et al	Breast Journal 2019	RC	144 (304)	Mastectomy with and without implant-based reconstruction	IV: 1 g of TXA preoperative	Hematoma rateExplantation rate	Significant reduction on hematoma rate (P = 0.0295)	None
Ausen et al	British Journal of Surgery 2015	RCT	28 (56)Average age: 45 y	Bilateral reduction Mammoplasty	TOPIC: 20 mL of 25 mg/mL tranexamic acid moistened on the wound surface before closure	Drain fluid volume in 24 hHematoma ratePostoperative pain	42% reduction in drain production (P = 0.017)	None
Ausen et al	British Journal of Surgery Open 2019	RCT	101 (202)Patients receiving TXA were on average 3.9 years older (P = 0.033)	Simple mastectomy, mastectomy with sentinel node biopsy, or mastectomy with axillary lymph node clearance	TOPIC: 20 mL of 25 mg/mL tranexamic acid moistened on the wound surface before closure	Drain fluid volume in 24 hTotal drain production and drain timeHematoma rate	32.4% reduction in 24 h drain production (P = 0.001)Total drain volume was reduced by 33.0% (P= 0.003)	None

N/A, not available; RC, retrospective cohort.