Table 3.
Willingness to pay (USD) for the COVID-19 vaccine from the perspective of the Vietnamese adults (2020, arithmetic mean [bootstrap 95% CI]).
| Variable | Mean | SD | Q1-25th | Q3-75th | 95% CI∗ | P value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 75.84 | 60.83 | 26.09 | 104.35 | 67.37-84.91 | .030 |
| Female | 91.68 | 22.27 | 28.26 | 130.43 | 80.07-97.01 | |
| Age, y | ||||||
| 18-24 | 85.96 | 65.57 | 34.24 | 108.70 | 77.93-94.69 | .102 |
| 25-40 | 82.30 | 30.23 | 26.09 | 108.70 | 72.77-90.47 | |
| ≥40 | 105.75 | 80.46 | 52.17 | 213.04 | 82.02-132.56 | |
| Province | ||||||
| HCM City | 79.86 | 31.02 | 26.09 | 108.70 | 72.50-88.21 | .264 |
| Other‡ | 91.71 | 35.81 | 26.09 | 130.43 | 82.51-101.15 | |
| Area | ||||||
| Urban | 89.53 | 18.33 | 32.61 | 130.43 | 83.53-96.85 | .004 |
| Rural | 70.03 | 68.22 | 26.09 | 86.96 | 56.43-85.01 | |
| Educational level | ||||||
| High school or less | 88.48 | 64.95 | 64.13 | 105.43 | 61.12-121.38 | .059 |
| Bachelor’s degree | 85.44 | 17.59 | 26.09 | 108.70 | 79.10-92.34 | |
| Postgraduate degree of higher | 86.98 | 69.61 | 28.26 | 130.43 | 73.05-102.22 | |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single/divorced/widowed | 88.52 | 23.16 | 26.09 | 117.39 | 81.17-96.46 | .271 |
| Living with spouse/partner | 81.11 | 65.13 | 26.09 | 108.70 | 71.86-90.72 | |
| Occupation | ||||||
| Farmer/worker | 73.91 | 63.45 | 28.26 | 103.26 | 52.47-101.95 | .350 |
| Civil servant/officer/engineer/business | 79.76 | 63.17 | 26.09 | 108.70 | 69.49-91.51 | |
| Healthcare staff (physician, pharmacist, etc) | 90.00 | 61.77 | 28.26 | 130.43 | 80.46-100.40 | |
| Undergraduate student | 90.60 | 68.78 | 26.09 | 130.43 | 79.18-102.56 | |
| Housewife/unemployed | 51.09 | 30.19 | 26.09 | 65.22 | 34.39-68.76 | |
| Income (US$)§ | ||||||
| <200 | 79.88 | 62.78 | 26.09 | 108.70 | 70.40-90.43 | .045 |
| 200-325 | 77.37 | 67.41 | 26.09 | 104.35 | 65.60-91.28 | |
| 325-450 | 88.18 | 66.12 | 52.17 | 108.70 | 76.37-102.83 | |
| 450-650 | 78.86 | 67.54 | 26.09 | 108.70 | 61.74-97.01 | |
| 650-1300 | 97.53 | 75.10 | 52.17 | 130.43 | 78.59-117.06 | |
| ≥1300 | 120.52 | 88.13 | 52.17 | 217.39 | 91.73-147.63 | |
| Self-rated risk of COVID-19 | ||||||
| Low | 75.06 | 35.88 | 26.09 | 104.35 | 66.60-84.10 | .002 |
| Moderate | 100.19 | 73.30 | 52.17 | 130.43 | 90.76-111.31 | |
| High | 80.98 | 62.05 | 26.09 | 108.70 | 68.53-93.65 | |
| Total | 85.92 | 69.01 | 26.09 | 108.70 | 80.21-92.27 |
CI indicates confidence interval; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; Q1, quartile 25% percentile; Q3, quartile 75% percentile; HCM City, Ho Chi Minh City; VND, Vietnam Dong.41
∗
Arithmetic means and mean difference are calculated by bootstrapping method.
†
Mann-Whitney U test/Kruskal-Wallis test.
‡
Other provinces in Southern of Vietnam.
§
Income per month; exchange rate: 1 USD = 23 000 VND (Dong et al.25).