Table 1.
Characteristics of mothers and infants who were and were not followed up at 2 years
| Not followed up | Followed up | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single dose | Multiple dose | |||||||
| Total | Total | Single placebo | Dextrose 0.5 ml/kg | Dextrose 1 ml/kg | Multiple placebo | Dextrose 0.5 ml/kg × 4 | Dextrose 1 ml/kg × 1, 0.5 ml/kg × 3 | |
| Mothers (N=403)a | 55 | 358 | 63 | 62 | 62 | 54 | 54 | 63 |
| Age, years | 30 (5) | 33 (5)b | 33 (6) | 33 (5) | 34 (5) | 32 (6) | 32 (5) | 32 (5) |
| Booking BMI kg/m2 c | 29 (9) | 29 (8) | 29 (8) | 29 (7) | 29 (8) | 29 (7) | 29 (7) | 28.1 (9.2) |
| Caesarean section | 23 (42) | 176 (49) | 34 (54) | 33 (53) | 30 (47) | 31 (57) | 21 (39) | 27 (43) |
| Parityd | 1 (0–5) | 1 (0–8) | 1 (0–8) | 1 (0–6) | 0 (0–4) | 1 (0–4) | 1 (0–7) | 1 (0–7) |
| Diabetice | 41 (75) | 260 (73) | 45 (71) | 47 (76) | 44 (72) | 38 (70) | 42 (78) | 44 (70) |
| Highest level of educationf | ||||||||
| High School | NA | 65 (20) | 13 (24) | 11 (19) | 11 (20) | 13 (28) | 9 (18) | 8 (14) |
| Tertiary | NA | 253 (80) | 42 (76) | 47 (81) | 43 (79) | 33 (72) | 40 (82) | 48 (86) |
| Infants (N=415) | 55 | 360 | 63 | 62 | 64 | 54 | 54 | 63 |
| Female | 28 (51) | 174 (48) | 27 (43) | 33 (53) | 35 (55) | 26 (48) | 28 (52) | 25 (40) |
| Gestation, weeks | 38.7 (1.1) | 38.3 (1.1)a | 38.2 (0.9) | 38.3 (1.2) | 38.2 (1.2) | 38.4 (1.2) | 38.4 (1.2) | 38.4 (1.2) |
| Birthweight, grams | 3217 (616) | 3249 (616) | 3189 (650) | 3276 (618) | 3261 (650) | 3326 (650) | 3268 (550) | 3191 (578) |
| Birthweight z-score | −0.07 (1.30) | 0.17 (1.29) | 0.05 (1.34) | 0.29 (1.30) | 0.24 (1.38) | 0.32 (1.34) | 0.17 (1.25) | −0.04 (1.12) |
| Twins | 1 (2) | 30 (8) | 6 (10) | 4 (6) | 8 (13) | 5 (9) | 2 (4) | 5 (8) |
| NZDPI | 6 (1–10) | 6 (1–10) | 6 (1–10) | 7 (1–10) | 5 (1–10) | 7 (1–10) | 6.5 (1–10) | 7 (1–10) |
| Prioritized ethnicity | ||||||||
| Māori | 7 (12.7) | 35 (9.7) | 9 (14.3) | 5 (8.1) | 3 (4.7) | 9 (16.7) | 5 (9.3) | 4 (6.4) |
| Pacific | 11 (20.0) | 57 (15.8) | 9 (14.3) | 12 (19.4) | 11 (17.2) | 9 (16.7) | 7 (13.0) | 9 (14.3) |
| Asian | 15 (27.3) | 91 (25.3) | 15 (23.8) | 13 (21.0) | 16 (25.0) | 18 (33.3) | 17 (31.5) | 12 (19.1) |
| NZ European | 14 (25.5) | 100 (27.8) | 16 (25.4) | 14 (22.6) | 23 (35.9) | 7 (13.0) | 15 (27.8) | 25 (39.7) |
| Other | 8 (14.6) | 77 (21.4) | 14 (22.2) | 18 (29.0) | 11 (17.2) | 11 (20.4) | 10 (18.5) | 13 (20.6) |
| Primary risk factorg | ||||||||
| Infant of diabetic | 41 (75) | 260 (72) | 45 (71) | 47 (76) | 44 (69) | 38 (70) | 42 (78) | 44 (70) |
| Preterm | 3 (5) | 24 (7) | 3 (5) | 4 (6) | 6 (9) | 3 (6) | 2 (4) | 6 (10) |
| Small | 6 (11) | 43 (12) | 10 (16) | 6 (10) | 7 (11) | 6 (11) | 5 (9) | 9 (14) |
| Large | 5 (9) | 33 (9) | 5 (8) | 5 (8) | 7 (11) | 7 (13) | 5 (9) | 4 (6) |
| Hypoglycemia | 22 (40) | 164 (46) | 35 (56) | 23 (37) | 31 (48) | 28 (52) | 23 (43) | 24 (38) |
Data are n (%), mean (SD), or median (range)
There are 12 mothers of twins, of whom 10 appear in more than one column because each twin was assigned to a different treatment group
p<0.05 for comparison between those who were and were not followed up
Data missing for 12 not followed up, 10 single placebo, 7 dextrose 0.5ml/kg, 7 dextrose 1ml/kg, 6 multiple placebo, 6 dextrose 0.5ml/kg multiple, 9 dextrose 1ml/kg multiple
Data missing for 12 not followed up, 10 single placebo, 7 dextrose 0.5ml/kg, 7 dextrose 1ml/kg, 6 multiple placebo, 6 dextrose 0.5ml/kg multiple, 9 dextrose 1ml/kg multiple
Data missing for 1 dextrose 1ml/kg
Data missing for 8 single placebo, 4 dextrose 0.5ml/kg, 10 dextrose 1ml/kg, 8 multiple placebo, 5 dextrose 0.5ml/kg multiple, 7 dextrose 1ml/kg multiple
NA not available
NZDPI: New Zealand Deprivation Index: a measure of socioeconomic status (1 is least deprived)
Risk factors prioritized in order: infant of diabetic mother, preterm, small, large