Table 3.

Perinatal anxiety screening scale (PASS) scores before and after ultrasounds by maternal characteristics

Maternal characteristics	Pretest PASS score	Posttest PASS score	Postest-pretest PASS score
Trimesters
First	15.2 ± 9.7a	11.8 ± 8.4a	−3.4 ± 4.1
Second Ref	19.4 ± 15.3	15.8 ± 14.9	−3.9 ± 7.2
Third	20.3 ± 14.4	15.1 ± 13.1	−3.34 ± 4.9
P-value across all groupsb	0.029	0.113	0.826
Age
≤ 24	24.5 ± 14.8ǂ	18.7 ± 13.6†	−5.9 ± 6.3†
25–33 Ref	16.5 ± 13.7	13.3 ± 13.4	−3.1 ± 6.2
≥ 34	17.2 ± 11.5	13.5 ± 10.6	−3.2 ± 4.4
P-value across all groupsb	0.001	0.074	0.031
Psychiatric history
None Ref	12.8 ± 8.9	9.3 ± 7.8	−3.6 ± 5.3
Anxiety	23.7 ± 12.8c	18.1 ± 10.7c	−4.0 ± 5.9
Depression	15.3 ± 11.4	11.2 ± 9.1	−5.2 ± 10.6
Anxiety and depression	28.0 ± 17.1c	25.4 ± 17.7c	−2.3 ± 4.2
P-value across all groupsb	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.322
Gravidity
Primigravid Ref	18.0 ± 11.9	13.1 ± 9.6	−4.9 ± 1.6
Multigravida	18.4 ± 14.3	15.3 ± 14.4	−3.0 ± 1.8
P-value across all groupsd	0.832	0.221	< 0.001
Prior pregnancy loss
No Ref	17.5 ± 13.0	13.2 ± 11.8	−4.3 ± 1.2
Yes	21.0 ± 15.6	18.7 ± 15.2	−2.4 ± 3.1
P-value across all groupsd	0.082	0.011	0.029
Prior indeterminate ultrasounde
No Ref	16.4 ± 12.0	12.8 ± 10.8	−3.6 ± 1.3
Yes	20.9 ± 15.4	16.7 ± 15.2	−4.2 ± 2.2
P-value across all groupsd	0.006	0.028f	0.012

PASS score > 20 denotes clinically significant anxiety

Data are mean ± SD unless otherwise stated

^aIndividual P-values for pairwise comparison to reference category < .05

^bP-values generated from ANOVA

^cIndividual P-values for pairwise comparison to reference category < .001

^dP-values generated from unpaired t-test

^eIncludes women for whom the index ultrasound was performed to follow up a previous indeterminate ultrasound (incomplete or minor abnormality), including billing code and patient reported indications. Analysis adjusted for trimester demonstrated similar findings

^fPosttest means were similar and comparison remained significant when participants with major abnormalities on index ultrasound were excluded