Fig. 2.

The correlations between an underlying factor F and the parameters of a signal detection theory model (SDT; Green & Swets, 1966), under different scaling constraints. Every row represents an attempt to estimate parameters of a scenario where F correlates with criterion c. The top row represents the standard practice that assumes that the standard deviation s is scaled to 1. The middle row assumes that d' is scaled to 1. The bottom row assumes that the criterion c is scaled to 1. Each attempt results in different conclusions about the relationships between the model parameters and factor F