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. 2021 Apr 22;4:497. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02004-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Comparative pathway analysis of the global gene expression changes analyzed by RNA sequencing, 24 h after 1 or 2 IT injections of PBS, unloaded EVs, CDN2 (20 µg), and exoCDN2 (0.1 µg) into B16F10 tumors (n = 2 biological replicates per group). The data is representative of five of biological replicate samples in each treatment group. All treatments were compared to PBS treatment for gene expression. b Normalized expression level of Th1 transcription factors, T-bet and Tcf7. Adjusted P values are indicated. c Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of three gene sets that are upregulated by exoCDN2. d–f Four hours after IT injection of PBS, CDN2 (0.1, 20, or 100 µg), and exoCDN2 (0.001, 0.01, or 0.1 µg) into B16F10 tumors, RNAs were purified from tumors (n = 4 animals per group) and differentially expressed genes were analyzed using NanoString technology. Relative expression of IFN-β (d), CD274 (e), and CXCL9 (f) measured by NanoString. Data are presented as means ± s.e.m from replicate samples as indicated. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001 by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test.