Table 1.
Characteristics of T1 stage colorectal cancer patients with or without distant metastasis.
| Overall | Distant metastasis | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 21,321 | No (M0) N = 20,942 |
Yes (M1) N = 379 |
||
| Age (years) | ||||
| < 60 | 7831 (36.7) | 7666 (36.6) | 165 (43.5) | 0.0055 |
| ≥ 60 | 13,490 (63.3) | 13,276 (63.4) | 214 (56.5) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 11,508 (54.0) | 11,298 (54.0) | 210 (55.4) | 0.5720 |
| Female | 9813 (46.0) | 9644 (46.0) | 169 (44.6) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 12,054 (56.5) | 11,867 (56.7) | 187 (49.3) | < 0.0001 |
| Single* | 7364 (34.5) | 7190 (34.3) | 174 (45.9) | |
| Unknown | 1903 (8.9) | 1885 (9.0) | 18 (4.8) | |
| Race | ||||
| White | 16,350 (76.7) | 16,069 (76.7) | 281 (74.1) | 0.0013 |
| Black | 2417 (11.3) | 2355 (11.3) | 62 (16.4) | |
| Other | 2190 (10.3) | 2154 (10.3) | 36 (9.5) | |
| Unknown | 364 (1.7) | 364(1.7) | 0 (0) | |
| Tumor deposit | ||||
| Negative | 17,079 (80.1) | 16,890 (80.7) | 189 (49.9) | < 0.0001 |
| Positive | 176 (0.8) | 157 (0.8) | 19 (5.0) | |
| Unknown | 4066 (19.1) | 3895 (18.6) | 171 (45.1) | |
| Harvested lymph nodes | ||||
| 0–12 | 11,613 (54.5) | 11,346 (54.2) | 267 (70.5) | < 0.0001 |
| > 12 | 9547 (44.8) | 9440 (45.1) | 107 (28.2) | |
| Unknown | 161 (0.8) | 156 (0.7) | 5 (1.3) | |
| Positive lymph nodes | ||||
| No | 12,798 (60.0) | 12,712 (60.7) | 86 (22.7) | < 0.0001 |
| Yes | 1691 (7.9) | 1620 (7.7) | 71 (18.7) | |
| Unknown | 6832 (32.0) | 6610 (31.6) | 222 (58.6) | |
| CEA status | ||||
| Negative | 7080 (33.2) | 7015 (33.5) | 65 (17.2) | < 0.0001 |
| Positive | 1376 (6.5) | 1184 (5.7) | 192 (50.7) | |
| Unknown | 12,865 (60.3) | 12,743 (60.9) | 122 (32.2) | |
| Liver metastasis | ||||
| No | 21,056 (98.8) | 20,942 (100) | 114 (30.1) | |
| Yes | 265 (1.24) | 0 (0) | 265 (69.9) | |
| Lung metastasis | ||||
| No | 21,243 (99.6) | 20,942 (100) | 301 (79.4) | |
| Yes | 78 (0.4) | 0 | 78 (20.6) | |
| Insurance | ||||
| No | 374 (1.8) | 361 (1.7) | 13 (3.4) | 0.0271 |
| Yes | 20,046 (94.0) | 19,692 (94.0) | 354 (93.4) | |
| Unknown | 901 (4.2) | 889 (4.3) | 12 (3.2) | |
| Localization | ||||
| Colon | 16,620 (78.0) | 16,328 (78.0) | 292 (77.0) | 0.6676 |
| Rectum | 4701 (22.0) | 4614 (22.0) | 87 (33.0) | |
| Histology | ||||
| Adenocarcinoma | 20,823 (97.7) | 20,483 (97.8) | 340 (89.7) | < 0.0001 |
| Mucinous | 450 (2.1) | 418 (2.0) | 32 (7.1) | |
| Signet-ring cell | 48 (0.2) | 41 (0.2) | 7 (1.9) | |
| Grade | < 0.0001 | |||
| Well differentiated | 3895 (18.3) | 3857 (18.4) | 38 (10.0) | |
| Moderately differentiated | 13,214 (62.0) | 13,015 (62.2) | 199 (52.5) | |
| Poorly differentiated | 1182 (5.5) | 1134 (5.4) | 48 (12.7) | |
| Undifferentiated | 173 (0.8) | 169 (0.8) | 4 (1.1) | |
| Unknown | 2857 (13.4) | 2767 (13.2) | 90 (23.8) | |
| Tumor size | ||||
| ≤ 5 cm | 13,288 (62.3) | 13,140 (62.7) | 148 (39.1) | < 0.0001 |
| > 5 cm | 1122 (5.3) | 1057 (5.1) | 65 (17.2) | |
| Unknown | 6911 (32.4) | 6745 (32.2) | 166 (43.8) | |
| N stage | ||||
| N0 | 19,094 (90.0) | 18,861 (90.1) | 233 (61.5) | < 0.0001 |
| N1 | 1617 (7.6) | 1531 (7.3) | 86 (22.7) | |
| N2 | 190 (0.9) | 157 (0.8) | 33 (8.7) | |
| Unknown | 420 (2.0) | 393 (1.9) | 27 (7.1) | |
| Perineural invasion | ||||
| No | 16,865 (79.1) | 16,665 (79.6) | 200 (52.8) | < 0.0001 |
| Yes | 185 (0.9) | 173 (0.8) | 12 (3.2) | |
| Unknown | 4271 (20.0) | 4104 (19.6) | 167 (44.1) | |
| Radiotherapy | ||||
| No | 20,875 (97.9) | 20,521 (98.0) | 354 (93.4) | < 0.0001 |
| Yes | 446 (2.1) | 421 (2.0) | 25 (6.6) | |
| Chemotherapy | ||||
| No | 19,527 (91.6) | 19,416 (92.7) | 111 (29.3) | < 0.0001 |
| Yes | 1794 (8.4) | 1526 (7.3) | 268 (70.7) | |
| Metastasectomy | ||||
| No | 21,207 (99.5) | 20,884 (99.7) | 323 (85.2) | < 0.0001 |
| Yes | 114 (0.5) | 58 (0.3) | 56 (14.8) | |
| Survival | ||||
| No | 981 (4.6) | 762 (3.6) | 219 (57.8) | < 0.0001 |
| Yes | 20,340 (95.4) | 20,180 (96.4) | 160 (42.2) | |
| Overall survival | ||||
| No | 18,400 (86.3) | 18,267 (87.2) | 133 (35.1) | < 0.0001 |
| Yes | 2921 (13.7) | 2675 (12.8) | 246 (64.9) | |
| Median survival time (months) | 40 | 41.0 | 19.0 | |
| 5-year survival rate (%) | 82.8 | 95.9 | 33.2 | < 0.0001 |
*Single includes divorces/separated/widowed/unmarried.