Table 3.
Prognostic factors for cancer specific survival and overall survival for patients with stage T1 colorectal cancer.
| Cancer specific survival | Overall survival | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate | Multivariate | Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age | ||||||||
| < 60 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| ≥ 60 | 1.7 (1.3–2.2) | 0.0002 | 1.7 (1.3–2.3) | 0.0004 | 1.7 (1.3–2.2) | < 0.0001 | 1.7 (1.3–2.2) | 0.0002 |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Female | 0.9 (0.8–0.998) | 0.0456 | 1.4 (1.02–1.8) | 0.0373 | 0.9 (0.9–1.0) | 0.0773 | ||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Married | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Single* | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) | 0.0036 | 1.5 (1.2–2.0) | 0.0010 | ||||
| Unknown | 0.8 (0.4–1.6) | 0.5992 | 0.9 (0.5–1.7) | 0.7873 | ||||
| Race | ||||||||
| White | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Black | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 0.0203 | 1.7 (1.2–2.4) | 0.0054 | 1.5 (1.03–1.9) | 0.0319 | 1.6 (1.2–2.3) | 0.0045 |
| Other | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) | 0.1633 | 0.8 (0.5–1.5) | 0.5450 | 0.6 (0.4–1.1) | 0.0918 | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 0.3107 |
| CEA | ||||||||
| Negative | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Positive | 1.7 (1.1–2.7) | 0.0132 | 1.9 (1.2–3.0) | 0.0062 | 1.4 (0.97–2.1) | 0.0726 | ||
| Unknown | 1.9 (1.2–2.9) | 0.0075 | 1.7 (1.1–2.8) | 0.0250 | 1.5 (1.03–2.3) | 0.0339 | ||
| Tumor localization | ||||||||
| Colon | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Rectum | 1.4 (1.04–1.9) | 0.0254 | 1.4 (1.02–1.8) | 0.0312 | ||||
| Tumor size | ||||||||
| ≤ 5 cm | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| > 5 cm | 1.5 (1.01–2.2) | 0.0424 | 1.6 (1.05–2.4) | 0.0300 | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 0.1153 | ||
| Unknown | 1.7 (1.3–2.3) | 0.0004 | 1.6 (1.1–2.2) | 0.0074 | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | 0.0020 | ||
| Histology | ||||||||
| Adenocarcinoma | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Mucinous | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | 0.0093 | 0.5 (0.2–0.9) | 0.0255 | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) | 0.0001 | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | 0.0028 |
| Signet-ring cell | 3.2 (1.3–7.8) | 0.0115 | 1.4 (0.5–3.9) | 0.5235 | 3.2 (1.4–7.3) | 0.0047 | 1.6 (0.6–3.9) | 0.3342 |
| Grade | ||||||||
| Highly/moderately differentiated | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Poorly/un-differentiated | 2.6 (18–3.7) | < 0.0001 | 2.5 (1.7–3.8) | < 0.0001 | 2.5 (1.8–3.6) | < 0.0001 | 2.3 (1.6–3.4) | < 0.0001 |
| Unknown | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 0.1942 | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 0.5723 | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 0.1522 | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | 0.7854 |
| Tumor deposit | ||||||||
| Negative | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Positive | 1.7 (0.9–3.1) | 0.0812 | 3.0 (1.5–5.7) | 0.0011 | 1.7 (0.96–2.9) | 0.0667 | 2.4 (1.3–4.4) | 0.0038 |
| Unknown | 1.2 (1.2–2.1) | 0.0007 | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 0.6641 | 1.4 (1.1–1.9) | 0.0053 | 1.0 (0.8 -1.3) | 0.9698 |
| Perineural invasion | ||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Yes | 0.5 (0.2–1.5) | 0.2203 | 0.7 (0.3–1.6) | 0.4026 | ||||
| Unknown | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 0.8293 | 1.0 (0.7–1.2) | 0.7874 | ||||
| Harvested lymph nodes | ||||||||
| 0–12 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| > 12 | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | < 0.0001 | 0.5 (0.3–0.7) | 0.0005 | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | < 0.0001 | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | < 0.0001 |
| Unknown | 1.2 (0.5 -3.0) | 0.6387 | 1.1 (0.3 -3.1) | 0.5362 | 1.1 (0.5–2.7) | 0.8302 | 0.9 (0.4–2.4) | 0.8520 |
| Positive lymph nodes | ||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Yes | 2.1 (1.3–3.5) | 0.0031 | 2.0 (1.3–3.2) | 0.0032 | ||||
| Unknown | 3.3 (2.2–5.0) | < 0.0001 | 3.0 (2.1–4.5) | < 0.0001 | ||||
| N stage | ||||||||
| N0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| N1 | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 0.1905 | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 0.8494 | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.4975 | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | 0.4264 |
| N2 | 1.6 (1.05–2.6) | 0.0302 | 1.9 (1.1–3.3) | 0.0160 | 1.5 (1.01–2.4) | 0.0463 | 1.9 (1.2–3.2) | 0.0096 |
| Unknown | 2.1 (1.4–3.4) | 0.0012 | 1.7 (1.1–2.8) | 0.0294 | 1.9 (1.2–3.0) | 0.0042 | 1.5 (0.9–2.4) | 0.1041 |
| Metastasis | ||||||||
| Multiple sites | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| liver | 0.5 (0.3–0.7) | 0.0002 | 0.5 (0.4–0.8) | 0.0017 | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 0.0001 | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) | 0.0043 |
| lung | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) | 0.0025 | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | < 0.0001 | 0.4 (0.3–0.8) | 0.0030 | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | < 0.0001 |
| Brain or bone | 1.7 (0.7–4.0) | 0.2495 | 1.2 (0.5–3.2) | 0.6648 | 2.0 (0.9–4.2) | 0.0831 | 1.2 (0.5–2.9) | 0.6100 |
| other | 0.3 (0.2–0.6) | < 0.0001 | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | < 0.0001 | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) | < 0.0001 | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) | 0.0001 |
| Chemotherapy | ||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | < 0.0001 | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | < 0.0001 | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | < 0.0001 | 0.4 (0.3–0.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Radiotherapy | ||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Yes | 1.3 (0.8–2.1) | 0.2303 | 1.2 (0.7–1.8) | 0.5068 | ||||
| Metastasectomy | ||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) | < 0.0001 | 0.5 (0.3–0.7) | 0.0002 | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | < 0.0001 | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) | 0.0002 |
HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval; *Single includes divorces/separated/widowed/unmarried.