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. 2021 Apr 23;296:100701. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100701

Figure 3.

Figure 3

ACE2 clusters in ceramide-enriched membrane domains upon infection.A and B, infection of Vero-E6 cells with pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 results in formation of ceramide-enriched membrane domains that cluster ACE2, which is prevented by treatment with ambroxol. Cells were infected for 30 min, fixed, stained with Cy3-coupled anti-ceramide and FITC–anti-ACE2 antibodies, and analyzed by confocal microscopy. A, shows a low magnification overview to visualize the abundance of ceramide-enriched membrane domains clustering ACE2. B, displays a higher magnification of infected cells. Please note that infection does not only induces ceramide but also increases surface expression of ACE2 (14). Shown is a representative result from six independent experiments. ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2, vesicular stomatitis virus pseudoviral particles presenting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on their surface.