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. 2021 Apr 23;296:100701. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100701

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Scheme of the proposed inhibition of pp-SARS-CoV-2 spike infections by ambroxol. Initial binding of pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike results in activation of the acid sphingomyelinase, formation of surface ceramide, and formation of ceramide-enriched membrane platforms that serve to trap and cluster activated ACE2 receptors. The clustering of ACE2 in ceramide-enriched membrane platforms might facilitate signaling via this receptor finally resulting in internalization but also brings the virus into close proximity to proteases required for uptake. ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2, vesicular stomatitis virus pseudoviral particles presenting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on their surface.