Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics at Hospital Admission, infectious and immunosuppressive therapy management, and clinical outcomes in Adult Transplant Recipients Hospitalized with COVID-19
| Mean age in years (s.d.) (range) | 59.34 (13.26) (33–87) |
| Male sex, n (%) | 23 (60.5) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |
| Hypertension | 29 (76.3) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 12 (31.6) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 3 (7.9) |
| Previous transplants, n (%) | 9 (23.7) |
| ACEI/ARB treatment, n (%) | 16 (42.1) |
| Main presenting symptom, n (%) | |
| Fever | 36 (94.7) |
| Cough | 23 (60.5) |
| Dyspnea | 15 (39.5) |
| Diarrhea | 11 (28.9) |
| Positive SARS-CoV-2 test, n (%) | 33 (86.68) |
| Pneumonia, n (%) | |
| No | 7 (18.4) |
| Unilateral | 6 (15.8) |
| Bilateral | 25 (65.8) |
| Pulmonary Thromboembolism | 2 (5.3) |
| Bacterial co-infection, n (%) | 16 (42.1) |
| Mean time from symptom to hospital admission (s.d.) (range) | 7.32 (5.87) (0–21) |
| COVID-19 intention drug use, n (%) | |
| Lopinavir/Ritonavir | 28 (73.7) |
| Mena days of Lopinavir/Ritonavir (s.d.) (range) | 6.82 (3.49) (1–14) |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 36 (94.7) |
| Mean days of Hydroxychloroquine (s.d.) (range) | 5.58 (1.88) (1–10) |
| Azithromycin | 36 (92.1) |
| Mean days of Azithromycin (s.d.) (range) | 5.52 (1.94) (5–15) |
| COVID-19 rescue therapy, n (%) | |
| Tocilizumab | 18 (47.4) |
| Steroid pulse | 17 (44.7) |
| Other drugs (anakinra, interferon, baricitinib) | 6 (15.8) |
| Immunosuppressive approach, n/total (%) | |
| Calcineurin inhibitor withdraw | 30/33 (90.9) |
| Antimetabolite withdraw | 21/22 (95.4) |
| mTOR inhibitor withdraw | 16/16 (100) |
| Prednisone withdraw | 0/32 (0.0) |
| Stop ACEI/ARB treatment, n/total (%) | 12/16 (75.0) |
| Outcomes, n (%) | |
| Mean days at hospital (s.d.) (range) | 12.02 (6.74) (1–31) |
| Stay at Intensive Care Unit, n (%) | 9 (23.7) |
| Acute Kidney Injury, n (%) | 22 (57.9) |
| Renal replacement therapy, n/total (%) | 2/22 (9.1) |
| Acute graft rejection, n (%) | 1 (2.6) |
| Graft loss, n (%) | 6 (15.4) |
| Decease-censored graft loss, n/total (%) | 1/6 (16.7) |
| Death, n (%) | 5 (13.2) |
| Discharged from hospital, n (%) | 30 (78.9) |
Results include all recipients who were hospitalized with COVID-19 from March 3 to April 24, and follow-up till April 27, 2020
ACEI Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, ARB angiotensin-receptor blockers