Table 1.
Social determinants, multimorbidity and responses to social restriction measures among community-dwelling older people between May and July 2020 (33).
| Characteristic | N = 1,482 (%) |
|---|---|
| Female Gender | 1,096 (73.9) |
| Age groups (years) | |
| 60–69 | 831 (56.1) |
| 70–79 | 420 (28.4) |
| 80 and over | 229 (15.5) |
| Ethnicity | |
| White | 915 (61.7) |
| Black | 100 (6.8) |
| “Pardo” | 439 (29.6) |
| “Amarelo” | 23 (1.6) |
| Indigineous | 5 (0.3) |
| Marital status | |
| Single | 152 (10.3) |
| Married | 796 (53.7) |
| Divorced | 184 (12.4) |
| Widowed | 350 (23.6) |
| Living alone | 256 (17.3) |
| Educational level (years of schooling) | |
| Illiterate | 117 (7.9) |
| 1–4 | 282 (19.0) |
| 5–8 | 181 (12.2) |
| 9 or more | 902 (60.9) |
| Income (minimum wage salary)a | |
| <1 | 512 (34.5) |
| 2–3 | 413 (27.9) |
| 4–7 | 267 (18.1) |
| 8–10 | 114 (7.7) |
| 10 or more | 176 (11.9) |
| Employment | |
| Active | 545 (36.8) |
| Inactive | 836 (56.4) |
| Unemployed | 101 (6.8) |
| Pension (yes) | 1,215 (82.0) |
| Multimorbidity (two or more)b | 841 (56.8) |
| Following social restriction measures | |
| Strongly and partially disagree | 47 (3.2) |
| Partially agree | 201 (13.6) |
| Totally agree | 1,234 (83.3) |
| Social restriction behavior since pandemic | |
| Living without any routine change | 42 (2.8) |
| Being careful, but leaving home to work and visit relatives | 169 (11.4) |
| Leaving home for unavoidable matters (e.g., groceries, pharmacy) | 693 (46.8) |
| Restricted at home, but receiving visits (relatives, friends, deliveries) | 132 (8.9) |
| Restricted at home and not receiving visits | 432 (29.1) |
| Going out for a walk, as exercise | 8 (0.5) |
| missing data | 6 (0.4) |
a
Brazilian minimum wage salary 1,045.00 BRL (corresponding to 189.3 USD; 1st May 2020)
b
Multimorbidity included stroke, Parkinson's disease, arthritis, osteoporosis, urinary and fecal incontinence, acute myocardial infarction, intestinal and depressive disease, anxiety, visual and hearing impairment, spine, overweight, hypertension and dizziness.